Hoysala Dynasty - Hoysala

Japanese: ホイサラ朝 - ほいさらちょう(英語表記)Hoysala
Hoysala Dynasty - Hoysala

A dynasty in South India. With its capital in Dvarasamudra (now Halebid), it ruled the southern part of Karnataka from the early 12th century to the early 14th century. It was originally a vassal of the Chalukyas of Kalyani, but Vishnuvardhana expanded its power in the early 12th century, and at the end of the 12th century, during the reign of Ballara II, it destroyed the Chalukyas and gained independence. In the 13th century, it advanced deep into the land of the Chola dynasty in the south, which resulted in the Hoysala dynasty being divided into two and developing into a civil war, leading to a crisis as it was invaded by the Yadava dynasty from the north and the Pandya dynasty from the south, but at the end of the 13th century, Ballara III unified the kingdom again and restored its power. However, in the early 14th century, it was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate's expeditionary force, and then it was destroyed by a conflict with the Muslim government established in Madurai. Under this dynasty, Hindu temples known as the Hoysala style, with star-shaped bases and intricate frieze carvings on the walls, were constructed, and representative examples of this style remain in Halebid, Somnathpur, and other places.

[Noboru Karashima]

[Reference] | Somnathpur

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

南インドの王朝。ドバーラサムドラ(現ハレービード)を首都に、12世紀前半から14世紀前半にかけてカルナータカ州南部地方を支配した。初めはカリヤーニのチャールキヤ朝の封臣であったが、12世紀前半のビシュヌバルダナが勢力を拡大し、12世紀末バッラーラ2世の治世にチャールキヤ朝を滅ぼして独立した。13世紀には南方のチョーラ朝の地深くに進出し、その結果ホイサラ朝は事実上二分して内戦に発展し、北からはヤーダバ朝、南からはパーンディヤ朝に侵攻され危機を招来したが、13世紀末にバッラーラ3世がふたたび王国を統一して勢力を回復した。しかし、14世紀初頭デリー・サルタナットの遠征軍に敗れ、その後マドゥライに成立したムスリム政権との争いによってついに滅亡した。この王朝のもとでは、星型の基壇をもち、壁面に細かなフリーズ彫刻の施されたホイサラ様式とよばれるヒンドゥー寺院が建造され、その代表的なものが、ハレービード、ソームナートプルなどに残っている。

[辛島 昇]

[参照項目] | ソームナートプル

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