A general term for small aquatic animals belonging to the order Mysidae of the class Crustacea of the phylum Arthropoda. In some regions, they are called isaza or komase. Some deep-sea species can reach a body length of over 10 cm, but generally they are around 1 cm. Originally, they are all marine, but a few species are known to have adapted to freshwater and brackish water in relict lakes and ponds. About 750 species have been recorded in all marine environments, including coastal, offshore, shallow, and deep water, and new species are being described in recent years. About 150 species are known from the waters off Japan, including the freshwater or brackish isazaami Neomysis intermedia and Japanese isazaami N. japonica , as well as the marine komaseami Anisomysis ijimai , which are caught for sale as tsukudani (food boiled in soy sauce), shio-kara (fish cake), and animal feed, as well as for use as fishing bait. In the wild, they also play an important role as natural food for fish. Although their body shape is very similar to that of shrimps, they are distinguished by the fact that the cephalothorax is not fused to the thorax from the third thoracic segment onwards, that the eight pairs of thoracic legs are divided into inner and outer legs, of which the first and second pairs of inner legs are modified into maxillae, that they have statocysts on the inner legs of the uropods, and that females have a brood pouch on the ventral side of their thorax. The eggs develop in the brood pouch until they become almost the same shape as adults, and when the mother molts, they emerge into the outside world and live freely. The brooding period varies depending on the species, but is 4 to 5 days for warm-water species and 2 to 3 months for cold-water species. It takes one to several months for them to leave the brood pouch and fully grow, and there are many changes in growth, such as the ratio and shape of each body segment and the number of spines, so care must be taken when classifying them. The lifespan is thought to be several months to one year in warm-water species and 1.5 to 2 years or more in cold-water and deep-sea species. [Masamichi Takeda] © Tadaaki Ohkata "> Major species of nets [specimen illustrations] ©Shogakukan "> Simmered shrimp ©Shogakukan "> Salted shrimp Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
節足動物門甲殻綱アミ目に属する水生小動物の総称。イサザあるいはコマセとよぶ地方もある。体長は深海種のなかには10センチメートル以上に達するものもあるが、一般には1センチメートル内外である。元来はすべて海産であるが、海跡湖沼には淡水や汽水に適応した種が少数ながら知られている。沿岸、沖合い、浅海、深海など、あらゆる海洋環境に約750種が記録されているが、近年でも新種の記載が相次いでいる。日本近海からは約150種が知られており、そのうち淡水ないし汽水産のイサザアミNeomysis intermediaやニホンイサザアミN. japonicaなどのほか、海産のコマセアミAnisomysis ijimaiなども漁獲対象とされ、佃煮(つくだに)、塩辛(しおから)、飼料などにされるほか、釣りの撒き餌(まきえ)に利用される。また、自然界では魚類の天然餌料(じりょう)として重要な存在である。 体形はエビ類によく似ているが、頭胸甲は第3胸節以降では胸節と融着しないこと、8対の胸脚は内外の両肢(あし)に分かれ、そのうち第1、第2対の内肢が顎脚(がっきゃく)に変形していること、尾肢(びし)の内肢に平衡胞をもつこと、雌は胸部の腹側に保育嚢(ほいくのう)をもつことなどによって区別される。卵は成体とほぼ同じ形態になるまで保育嚢中で発育し、母体が脱皮すると同時に外界に出て自由生活をする。保育期間は種類によって異なるが、温水性の種で4~5日、冷水性の種で2~3か月である。保育嚢を出て完全に成長するには1~数か月かかり、各体節の比率や形状、棘(きょく)数など成長の変化が多く、分類に際して注意が必要である。寿命は暖海のものでは数か月から1年、寒海や深海のものでは1.5~2年あるいはそれ以上と考えられる。 [武田正倫] ©大片忠明"> アミのおもな種類〔標本画〕 ©Shogakukan"> アミの佃煮 ©Shogakukan"> アミの塩辛 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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