A narrow strait 583 km long that separates the mainland at the southern tip of South America from Tierra del Fuego. In Spanish, it is called the Strait of Magallanes. Most of the coastal area belongs to Chile, except for a part in Argentina. Since its discovery by Magellan in 1520, it has been used as a route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, but lost its importance with the opening of the Panama Canal. The eastern half of the strait is somewhat wide, with gently undulating plains on both sides, but the western half is a narrow fjord-like waterway with steep mountains on both sides. In the eastern part, there is a tidal difference of up to 13.5 meters and the resulting fast currents, and near the western exit, there are constant violent waves caused by strong westerly winds, making navigation difficult. The plains along the eastern coast are large-scale sheep ranches (estancias) and the most important oil field in Chile. About halfway across the strait lies Punta Arenas, a busy port for shipping these products. [Matsumoto Eiji] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アメリカ南端部の本土とフエゴ島とを分ける長さ583キロメートルの狭い海峡。スペイン語ではマガリャネス海峡Estrecho de Magallanesという。沿岸一帯は一部のアルゼンチン領を除き大部分がチリに属す。1520年マジェラン(マゼラン)によって発見されて以来、大西洋と太平洋を結ぶ航路として利用されてきたが、パナマ運河の開通によって重要性を失った。海峡の東半は幅がやや広く、両岸には緩く波打った平原が続くが、西半は両岸に切り立った山地が迫るフィヨルド状の狭い水路をなす。東部では最大13.5メートルに及ぶ潮差とそれによる速い潮流、西の出口付近では強い偏西風による恒常的な暴浪にみまわれるなど、航行には多くの困難が伴う。東部沿岸の平原はヒツジの放牧を行う大規模牧場(エスタンシア)地帯であるとともに、チリでもっとも重要な油田地帯でもある。海峡のほぼ中ほどに、これらの産物の積出し港としてにぎわうプンタ・アレナスがある。 [松本栄次] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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