A Protestant sect. The name comes from the Greek anabaptizo (to re-baptize), and is also called Anabaptist. As the Zurich Reformation progressed under the leadership of the Swiss reformer Zwingli, some of Zwingli's followers became concerned with the incompleteness of the reform and sought more fundamental change. These people included Konrad Grebel (c. 1498-1526) and Felix Mantz (c. 1480-1527), who argued that the continued protection of the evangelical churches under secular authority was inconsistent with the principles of the Reformation, and considered the re-establishment of minority churches based on voluntary faith to be the completeness of the reform. They saw infant baptism as a symbol of incompleteness, and advocated and implemented its abolition and adult baptism by conscious confession of faith (1525). The Zurich authorities imposed capital punishment on the basis of an old Roman Imperial law that prohibited re-baptism. At the same time, movements arose in various places that saw the Evangelical Reformation as insufficient and called for its thoroughness. These movements took various forms, such as strong opposition to state intervention in the church and often leading to socially radical movements, but were suppressed in Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and other places, and finally exploded in the Münster Rebellion of 1534-35 (a rebellion that occurred in the episcopal city of Münster in western Germany, where the Anabaptists were based), which ended in tragedy. Since then, the name of the Anabaptists has been associated with violent anti-establishment revolutions, but more recently they have generally been evaluated as sincere people who tried to faithfully reproduce the teachings of the Bible. Today's Mennonites are their direct descendants. [Akira Demura] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
プロテスタントの一派。ギリシア語anabaptizo(再洗礼する)に由来し、アナバプティストともいう。スイスの宗教改革者ツウィングリの指導のもとにチューリヒ宗教改革が進展するにつれて、ツウィングリの信奉者の一部に、改革の不徹底さを問題とし、より根元的な変革を求める者たちが現れた。K・グレーベルKonrad Grebel(1498ころ―1526)やF・マンツFelix Mantz(1480ころ―1527)らであるが、彼らは、福音(ふくいん)主義教会が依然として俗権の保護のもとにあるのは、宗教改革原理と矛盾すると主張し、自発的信仰に基づく少数者の教会の再現をもって改革の徹底と考えた。彼らは不徹底さの象徴を幼児洗礼にみいだし、その廃止と自覚的信仰告白による成人洗礼を提唱・実施した(1525)。チューリヒ当局は、再洗礼を禁ずる古いローマ帝国法を根拠として極刑をもって臨んだ。 福音主義改革をもって不十分とし、その徹底化を求める動きは同時に各地で生起した。それは、教会に対する国家権力の介入に強く反発し、しばしば社会的にも急進的な運動を起こすなどさまざまの形をとったが、ドイツ、スイス、オーストリアなどで弾圧を被り、最後に1534~35年のミュンスターの乱(再洗礼派が拠点としたドイツ西部の司教都市ミュンスターで起きた反乱)で爆発し、惨劇をもって終わった。以後、再洗礼派の名は反体制暴力革命と結び付けられてきたが、最近になって彼らが一般的には聖書の教説を忠実に再現しようとした真摯(しんし)な人々であったとの評価が下されるようになった。今日のメノナイトは直接の子孫である。 [出村 彰] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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