Fibers can be broadly classified into natural fibers and chemical fibers. Regenerated fibers are made by dissolving naturally occurring natural polymeric substances such as cellulose and proteins in a suitable solvent and spinning them. Alternatively, they can be made into derivatives of natural polymers that are soluble in a solvent, then spun and then converted back to the original polymeric substances through chemical processing. An example of the former is cupra, which is made by dissolving cellulose in a cuprammonium solution and spinning it in water, and an example of the latter is viscose rayon, which is made by treating cellulose with sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide and spinning it in a sulfuric acid bath. If the yarn is cut appropriately after spinning, it becomes staple fiber (staple fiber), and crimping occurs by making the thickness of the skin layer uneven during condensation regeneration in the spinning bath. Since the thicker skin layer is particularly strained, if the yarn is cut and immersed in warm water without tension, the thicker skin layer will become staple fiber with good heat retention. In the past, casein fiber was also made from the protein casein. [Hiroshi Kakiuchi] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
繊維を分類すると天然繊維と化学繊維に大別されるが、化学繊維のうちの再生繊維は、天然に存在する繊維素(セルロース)、タンパク質などの天然高分子物質を、適当な溶媒に溶解させて紡糸したものである。または溶媒に可溶な天然高分子の誘導体にしてから紡糸したのち、化学処理によって元の高分子物質に変換した繊維をいう。前者の例として、繊維素を銅アンモニア溶液に溶かして水中に紡糸するキュプラ、後者には、繊維素を水酸化ナトリウムと二硫化炭素で処理したものを、硫酸浴中に紡糸するビスコースレーヨンがある。紡糸したあと糸を適当に切断すればステープルファイバー(スフ)になり、紡糸浴での凝縮再生の際にスキン層の厚さを不均一にさせることによって、捲縮(けんしゅく)を発生させる。スキン層の厚いほうにとくにひずみがかかっているので、糸を切断して無緊張で温水に浸(つ)けると、スキン層の厚いほうが捲縮したスフになり、保温性がよくなる。以前はタンパク質のカゼインからつくられたカゼイン繊維などもつくられたことがある。 [垣内 弘] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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