A group formed to cheer on players on their team at sports games. It is said to have started in 1890 (Meiji 23) in a boat race held on the Sumida River in Tokyo between First Higher School (now the Faculty of Liberal Arts at the University of Tokyo) and Tokyo Higher Commercial School (now Hitotsubashi University). First Higher School stood on the Asakusa side with white flags, while Tokyo Higher Commercial School stood on the Mukojima side with red flags, and their cheering squads competed against each other. The cheering squads on both sides were so excited that a newspaper reported the scene, saying, "It reminded us of the battles of Yashima and Dannoura," and races were canceled for a while after that. The same process led to the cancellation of the Waseda-Keio baseball game in the fall of 1906 (Meiji 39). In this way, cheering squads originated in university sports, and what is generally called a cheering squad is the cheering leadership team, which is thought to lead regular students to form the cheering squad. The existence of cheering squads was highlighted mainly in baseball. Large cheering squads were organized, gathering many students, for the games between First High School and Third High School (now Kyoto University), which began at the end of the Meiji era, and for the Sokei game, which was revived in the fall of 1925 (Taisho 14). Baseball games have long intervals between turns of offense and defense, making it easier for students to cheer and increasing the effectiveness of their cheering. Nowadays, various methods of cheering have been devised, such as organizing brass bands to sit in the stands and incorporating baton twirlers, making it brighter and more colorful than in the past when only drums were used. Note that cheering for the Ivy League in the United States is often done voluntarily by individuals, and cannot be called an organized group. [Junji Kanda] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スポーツゲームで味方の選手を励ますために組織された団体。1890年(明治23)東京・隅田(すみだ)川で挙行された第一高等学校(現東京大学教養学部)対東京高等商業学校(現一橋大学)のボートレースが始まりといわれる。一高は白旗で浅草側。高商は赤旗で向島側に舟を並べて応援団が対抗した。この情景を「屋島、壇ノ浦の戦いもかくやと思われたり」と新聞が報道したほど、双方応援団がエキサイトしたため、以後当分レースが中止された。1906年(明治39)秋、早慶野球試合が中止に至る経過も同様である。このように応援団は大学スポーツに端を発し、一般に応援団とよばれているのは応援指導部のことであり、これが一般学生を指揮して応援団を形成すると考えられる。応援団の存在は野球を中心にクローズアップされた。明治末年から開始された一高・三高(現京都大学)戦、1925年(大正14)秋に復活した早慶(そうけい)戦に、多数の学生を集めた大応援団が組織された。野球ゲームは、攻守交代などインターバルが長いため、応援がしやすく、かつ応援の効果があがるからである。 現在では、応援の方法には各種のくふうがなされ、ブラスバンドを編成してスタンドに座らせ、バトン・トワラーを参加させるなど、太鼓しか使わなかった昔と比べて、明るく華やかなものとなった。なお、アメリカのアイビー・リーグの応援などは個人が自発的に行っているものが多く、組織されたものとはいえず応援団とはよべない。 [神田順治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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