Coma - coma

Japanese: 昏睡 - こんすい
Coma - coma

This is the most advanced stage of consciousness disorder, in which all mental activity and brain response to external stimuli are lost. The methods of distinction and names for each stage of consciousness disorder, including coma, vary depending on the position and school of thought, but clinically, the eyes are usually closed, the muscles are relaxed and completely immobile, the patient does not respond to calls or pain, and there is incontinence of urine and feces, which are serious neurological symptoms that may be life-threatening.

A person in a coma is commonly referred to as being unconscious.

There are many diseases that can cause this, and they can be broadly divided into intracranial diseases that directly damage the brain, such as the typical stroke, head trauma, encephalitis, and meningitis, and extracranial diseases, such as liver disease, diabetes, hypoglycemia, uremia, drug and gas poisoning, severe infections, heart disease, shock due to blood loss, pulmonary encephalopathy, eclampsia, hysteria, etc. Furthermore, impaired consciousness due to severe liver failure, diabetes, hypoglycemia, and uremia are called hepatic coma, diabetic coma, hypoglycemic coma, and uremic coma, even though they are not coma in the strict sense of the word.

[Shinichiro Ebihara]

[References] | Impaired consciousness | Hepatic coma | Loss of consciousness | Diabetes

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

精神的活動および外部刺激に対する脳の反応がいっさい失われる、意識障害のもっとも高度なものをいう。昏睡を含む意識障害の各段階における区別法や名称は、立場や学派によって異なるが、臨床的には通常、目は閉じたままで、筋肉は弛緩(しかん)してまったく動かない、呼びかけや痛みなどの刺激に反応しない、尿や糞便(ふんべん)の失禁がみられるといった生命の危険を伴う重大な神経症状である。

 昏睡状態にあるものは、俗に人事不省(じんじふせい)ともよばれる。

 原因となる病気は数多く、代表的な脳卒中をはじめ、頭部外傷、脳炎、髄膜炎など脳が直接障害される頭蓋(とうがい)内の疾患と、肝臓病、糖尿病、低血糖、尿毒症、薬物およびガス中毒、重篤な感染症、心臓病、失血などによるショック、肺性脳症、子癇(しかん)、ヒステリーなど頭蓋外の疾患とに大別される。なお、重篤な肝不全、糖尿病、低血糖、尿毒症などに伴う意識障害は、厳密な意味の昏睡ではなくても、肝性昏睡、糖尿病性昏睡、低血糖性昏睡、尿毒症性昏睡とよばれる。

[海老原進一郎]

[参照項目] | 意識障害 | 肝性昏睡 | 人事不省 | 糖尿病

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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