...More narrowly, it often refers only to so-called general-class employees to whom the National Public Service Act or the Local Public Service Act applies (the legal definition and types of civil servants will be explained in detail later). The English equivalent of this word, civil service, was first used in the Indian administration under British rule, and later came into general use in the process of introducing the principle of open competitive examinations in Britain. Thus, this word came to refer to employees who work for the state in a professional capacity, excluding military and judicial officers. ... *Some explanations of terms that refer to "civil service" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…さらに狭義には,国家公務員法または地方公務員法が適用される,いわゆる一般職の職員だけをさすことが多い(公務員の実定法上の語義や種類については後に詳説)。英語でこの言葉に該当するcivil serviceは,イギリス支配下のインド行政ではじめて使用され,その後イギリス国内に公開競争試験の原則が導入される過程で一般的に使用されるようになった。こうしてこの言葉は,軍人,司法官を除いて,国家に専門的資格で勤務する職員をさすことになった。… ※「civil service」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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