Mixture - Kongobutsu (English spelling) mixture

Japanese: 混合物 - こんごうぶつ(英語表記)mixture
Mixture - Kongobutsu (English spelling) mixture

A mixture is when two or more substances are simply mixed together and do not bond to each other. It is the opposite of a compound. When sugar dissolves in water, it becomes sugar water, and every part of it shows the uniform properties of sugar water. Similarly, air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, rare gases, etc., and every part of it shows the same properties. However, these can be separated into several substances by physical means such as filtration, distillation, recrystallization, and cooling, and they can be mixed again to form a mixture. These sugar water and air are mixtures. These are homogeneous mixtures, but a mixture of solid sugar and salt may appear homogeneous, but in reality it is a heterogeneous mixture.

In contrast to such mixtures, the water molecule, which is a combination of oxygen and hydrogen, is not simply a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, and cannot be separated into oxygen and hydrogen in the usual way; it is called a compound. A substance consisting of only one type of element or compound is called a pure substance. Pure substances have their own unique melting point, boiling point, etc., but mixtures almost always have lower points. For this reason, it is often possible to determine whether a substance is a mixture or a compound by measuring the melting point, boiling point, etc. When there is interaction between different molecules through relatively weak bonding forces, such as hydrogen bonds or electron transfer forces, the distinction between compounds and mixtures can sometimes be somewhat unclear.

[Nakahara Katsunori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

2種以上の物質が互いに結合せずに単に混ざり合って存在しているものをいう。化合物に対する語。砂糖は水に溶けて砂糖水になり、そのどの部分をとっても砂糖水としての均一な性質を示す。空気でも同じく、窒素、酸素、二酸化炭素、希ガスなどが混じり合い、どの部分をとっても同じ性質を示す。しかしこれらは、濾過(ろか)、蒸留、再結晶、冷却などの物理的手段によっていくつかの物質に分けることができるし、またそれらをふたたび混ぜ合わせて混合物とすることができる。これらの砂糖水や空気などが混合物である。これらは均一な混合物であるが、これに対し固体の砂糖と食塩を混ぜたものは見かけは均一であっても実際には不均一な混合物である。

 このような混合物に対し、酸素と水素の化合した水分子は、単に酸素と水素とを混合したものではなく、普通に酸素と水素に分けることはできず、化合物といっている。1種類の単体または化合物のみからなる物質を純物質といっている。純物質は固有の融点、沸点などをもつが、混合物ではほとんどつねに低くなっている。このため、融点、沸点などの測定で、混合物であるか化合物であるかを判定できることが多い。水素結合や電子移動力など、比較的弱い結合力で異種分子間に相互作用があるときは、化合物と混合物との区別が多少あいまいになっているときもある。

[中原勝儼]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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