Cortisone

Japanese: コルチゾン - こるちぞん(英語表記)cortisone
Cortisone

Cortisone is an adrenal cortex hormone that promotes carbohydrate metabolism. It was isolated from bovine adrenal glands in 1936 by Swiss organic chemist Reichstein and American biochemist Kendall. It was subsequently partially synthesized from desoxycholic acid and then chemically totally synthesized. Currently, it is produced industrially using a combination of synthetic chemistry and reactions using microorganisms. In the body, it is produced by oxidation of the 11th hydroxyl group from cortisol.

Cortisone has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects, and is used to treat neuralgia, rheumatism, arthritis, bronchial asthma, Addison's disease, as well as acute inflammation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, allergies, and chronic skin diseases. Side effects include swelling, high blood pressure, diabetes, and amenorrhea.

As a result of subsequent vigorous research, many corticoids (a general term for steroids isolated from the adrenal cortex and substances with similar actions) have been synthesized and are now in use, including cortisol (also called hydrocortisone, extracted from the adrenal cortex and showing a stronger carbohydrate metabolism effect than cortisone), 1-dehydrocortisone acetate, 1-dehydrocortisol (prednisolone), and 9α (alpha)-fluorocortisone acetate, all of which have few side effects and excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects. Many of these, including cortisone acetate and hydrocortisone, are also listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.

[Yoshinori Fujimoto]

[References] | Kendall | Reichstein
The structure of cortisone
©Shogakukan ">

The structure of cortisone


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

副腎皮質ホルモン(ふくじんひしつほるもん)の一つで、コーチゾンともいい、糖質代謝促進作用をもつ。1936年スイスの有機化学者ライヒシュタインとアメリカの生化学者ケンドルらがウシの副腎から単離した。その後デソキシコール酸からの部分合成および化学的全合成が達成された。現在では、工業的には合成化学と微生物を利用した反応を併用して製造されている。生体内ではコルチゾールから11位ヒドロキシ基の酸化により生成される。

 コルチゾンには抗アレルギー、抗炎症作用があり、神経痛、リウマチ、関節炎、気管支喘息(ぜんそく)、アジソン病のほか、目、皮膚、粘膜の急性炎症をはじめ、アレルギー疾患や慢性皮膚病に使用される。副作用として、むくみ、高血圧、糖尿、無月経などがある。

 その後の精力的な研究により、コルチゾール(ヒドロコルチゾンともいい、副腎皮質より抽出され、コルチゾンよりも強い糖質代謝作用を示す)、1-デヒドロコルチゾンアセテート、1-デヒドロコルチゾール(プレドニソロン)、9α(アルファ)-フルオロコルチゾンアセテートなど、副作用も少なく、優れた抗炎症、抗リウマチ効果のあるコルチコイド(副腎皮質から分離されたステロイド、および類似の作用をもつ物質の総称)が多数合成され、使用されている。日本薬局方にも酢酸コルチゾン、ヒドロコルチゾンをはじめ多数が収載されている。

[藤本善徳]

[参照項目] | ケンドル | ライヒシュタイン
コルチゾンの構造
©Shogakukan">

コルチゾンの構造


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