Reference electrode

Japanese: 基準電極 - キジュンデンキョク
Reference electrode

It is also called a reference electrode, comparison electrode, or auxiliary electrode. Since it is fundamentally impossible to measure an electrode potential directly, a galvanic cell is usually made by combining the electrode system in question with a specific auxiliary electrode system, and the terminal voltage is measured to obtain the relative value of the electrode potential. An auxiliary electrode system used for this purpose is called a standard electrode. An electrode used as a standard electrode must have good potential stability and reproducibility at constant temperature and pressure, be easy to manufacture, and be easy to handle. Commonly used electrodes include the hydrogen electrode, calomel electrode, silver-silver chloride electrode, mercury oxide electrode, and mercurous sulfate electrode. Of these, the standard hydrogen electrode is particularly important because it is used as the standard for electrode potential according to regulations, and the calomel electrode and silver-silver chloride electrode are currently the most widely used reference electrodes.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

参照電極,照合電極,比較電極,補助電極などともいう.電極電位は直接実測することが原理的に不可能であるので,通常,問題の電極系とある特定の補助電極系とを組み合わせて一つのガルバニ電池をつくり,その端子電圧を測定して,電極電位の相対値とするが,このような目的に用いられる補助電極系を基準電極という.基準電極として用いる電極は,一定温度,一定圧力下で,電位の安定性および再現性がよく,製作が容易で,かつ取り扱いが簡単であることが必要である.通常用いられるものは,水素電極,甘コウ電極,銀-塩化銀電極,酸化水銀電極,および硫酸第一水銀電極などである.なかでも,標準水素電極は規約により電極電位の基準として用いられるためとくに重要であり,甘コウ電極および銀-塩化銀電極は,現在,もっとも広く用いられている基準電極である.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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