Born: August 25, 1841 in Bern Died July 27, 1917. A surgeon from Bern, Switzerland. He studied at the University of Bern, Berlin, London, Paris, and Vienna. Professor at the University of Bern from 1872 to 1917. In 1876, he performed the first thyroidectomy to treat goiter, and by 1912 had performed 5,000 cases, making this extremely difficult operation safe. He also developed new surgical methods for shoulder dislocation reduction, stomach, lungs, gallbladder, tongue, cranial nerves, and hernias, and improved old methods. He also developed many new instruments and devices, including the Kocher forceps used for hemostasis during surgery, and invented a new incision method for gallbladder surgery. All of these are named after him. His Chirurgische Operationslehre (1892) has been published in many editions and translated into many languages. In 1899, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research into the physiology and pathology of the thyroid gland and for the development of surgery. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1841.8.25. ベルン [没]1917.7.27. ベルン スイスの外科医。ベルン大学,ベルリン,ロンドン,パリ,ウィーンで学ぶ。 1872~1917年,ベルン大学教授。 1876年,甲状腺腫の治療に甲状腺摘出術を初めて施行,1912年までに 5000例実施し,きわめて困難であったこの手術を安全なものにした。そのほか,肩関節脱臼の整復術,胃,肺,胆嚢,舌,脳神経,ヘルニアの新しい手術方法の開発と古い方法の改良などを行なった。さらに,手術の際に止血に用いるコッヘル鉗子をはじめ,数多くの新しい器具,装置を開発し,胆嚢手術時の切開法を創案した。それらにはいずれも彼の名が冠せられている。『外科手術学』 Chirurgische Operationslehre (1892) は多くの版を重ね,多くの国で翻訳された。 09年,甲状腺の生理学的,病理学的研究および手術の開発に対してノーベル生理学・医学賞が与えられた。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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