Sublimates are products of high-temperature volcanic gases erupting from craters and fumaroles, and formed near the surface of the earth. They are often found in or near craters and fumaroles, but can also be found attached to lava flows and pyroclastic deposits. They are a mixture of products that precipitate when volcanic gas changes temperature and pressure near the vent, products that react chemically with the surrounding rocks, and products that are formed secondarily when these minerals leach or move. Volcanic sublimates include sulfur, proteinite, alum, boric acid, gypsum, anhydrite, ammonium chloride, orthopalace3, realcomb, aragonite, magnetite, hematite, pyrite, marcasite, and many other useful minerals. [Akira Suwa and Setsya Nakata] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
火口や噴気孔などから噴出した高温の火山ガスに由来し、地表近くで生じた昇華物。火口、噴気孔内やその付近によくみられるが、溶岩流や火砕流堆積(たいせき)物に付着していることもある。火山ガスが噴出孔付近で温度と圧力変化をおこして沈殿したり、周囲の岩石と化学反応をおこして生じたもの、さらにそれらの鉱物の溶脱や移動で二次的に生じたものが混在する。火山昇華物には、硫黄(いおう)、たんぱく石、明礬(みょうばん)、ホウ酸、石膏(せっこう)、硬石膏、塩化アンモニウム、雄黄(ゆうおう)、鶏冠(けいかん)石、あられ石、磁鉄鉱、赤鉄鉱、黄鉄鉱、白鉄鉱などがあり、有用鉱物が多い。 [諏訪 彰・中田節也] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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