British legal scholar. He graduated from Oxford University in 1858 and qualified as a lawyer in 1863. He was professor of English law at Oxford University from 1882 to 1909. His major work, Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (1885), gave a classical form to the traditional theory of the British constitution, and is still widely read in Japan as a fundamental text for British constitutional studies. In it, he argued that parliamentary sovereignty and the rule of law are the two major principles of public law in Britain, and further distinguished between the constitution as a legal norm applied in courts and constitutional custom as a political rule. In particular, as part of the content of the rule of law, he strongly opposed the application of special laws to the administration, but later revised his view of administrative law in the 8th edition (1915). The principle of the rule of law has also had a major influence on the Japanese constitution. Another widely known book is Lectures on the Relation between Law and Public Opinion in England during the Nineteenth Century (1905). [Masaaki Ikeda] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの法学者。1858年オックスフォード大学を卒業し、1863年弁護士資格を取得。1882年から1909年までオックスフォード大学イギリス法教授であった。その主著『英国憲法論』Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution(1885)はイギリス憲法の伝統的理論に古典的形態を与えたもので、イギリス憲法研究の基礎的文献として日本でいまでも広く読まれている。彼はこのなかで、議会主権と法の支配がイギリスの二大公法原理であることを説き、さらに裁判所で適用される法規範としての憲法と政治の準則とされる憲法慣習を区別した。とくに法の支配の内容として、行政に対する特別な法の適用に強く反対したが、のち第8版(1915)において行政法に対する考え方に修正を加えた。法の支配の原理は、日本の憲法にも大きな影響を与えている。ほかに『19世紀イギリスにおける法と輿論(よろん)』Lectures on the Relation between Law and Public Opinion in England during the Nineteenth Century(1905)も広く知られている著書である。 [池田政章] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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