National Homeland Reorganization Movement (English: Guo-gu zheng-li yun-dong)

Japanese: 国故整理運動 - こっこせいりうんどう（英語表記）Guo-gu zheng-li yun-dong

A Chinese literary revolution and a movement to reevaluate tradition and culture that occurred prior to the May Fourth Movement in 1919. "Guoguo" means classics in Chinese. The spark for this movement was "Ruminations on Literary Reform" by Hu Shi and "On Literary Revolution" by Chen Duxiu, both published in the New Youth magazine in 1917, which criticized the formalism of literature and poetry at the time and advocated vernacular (colloquial) literature. In particular, they applied the method of pragmatism to the classification of classics, rejected the evaluation of classics based on Confucianism, and sought to find new value in classics. In addition, works such as "Water Margin," "Jin Ping Mei," and "Dream of the Red Chamber" were evaluated as literary works, and the archaic school led by Gu Jiegang made an effort to conduct empirical research on history. During this movement, some researchers gradually changed their attitude from early criticism of Confucianism to modernizing traditional ideas, but many other researchers made achievements in reevaluating cultural heritage.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1919年の五・四運動に先立って起った中国の文学革命，および伝統，文化の再評価運動。「国故」とは中国語で古典のこと。この運動の発火点となったのは，17年に『新青年』誌に掲載された胡適の「文学改良芻議」と陳独秀の「文学革命論」で，当時の文学，詩の形式主義を批判し，白話 (口語) 文学を提唱した。特にプラグマティズムの方法を古典整理に適用し，儒教中心を前提とする古典の評価を否定し，古典に新しい価値を見出そうとした。また『水滸伝』『金瓶梅』『紅楼夢』などが文学として評価され，顧頡剛らの擬古派は歴史の実証的研究に努めた。この運動が行われるうち，一部の研究は次第に初期の儒教批判を経て伝統思想に近代的な装いをつける態度に変っていったが，他の多くの研究は文化遺産の再評価などで業績をあげた。

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