Within an atom, individual electron clouds are assumed to exist overlapping each other, and the state of each electron cloud is often expressed as a complex function. Since these complex functions are equivalent to the circular and elliptical orbits of electrons in classical mechanics (Newtonian mechanics), they are called atomic orbital functions, or atomic orbitals for short. Atomic orbital functions are given names such as 1s, 2s, and 2p, corresponding to the degree of their spread and the magnitude of their angular momentum. The atomic orbital functions of the hydrogen atom can be accurately determined using quantum mechanics. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
原子内では,個々の電子の雲(電子雲electron cloud)が重なりあって存在するとして,よく個々の電子の雲の状態は複素関数で表される。この複素関数は古典力学(ニュートン力学)における電子の円軌道,楕円軌道に相等するものなので,原子軌道関数と呼ばれ,略して原子軌道ともいう。原子軌道関数には,その広がりの程度と角運動量の大きさとに対応して,1s,2s,2pなどの名前がつけられている。水素原子の原子軌道関数は量子力学によって正確に求められる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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