An international treaty aimed at the proper conservation of whale resources and the orderly development of the whaling industry. It was concluded in 1946 and came into force in 1948. In 1937, the International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling, whose main purpose was to regulate whale oil production, was concluded in London, England. However, after World War II, whale resources did not recover, and 15 countries signed the ICRW in Washington, DC, USA in 1946. The treaty consists of 11 articles, an appendix that specifies specific regulations such as closed seasons and waters, and catch quotas, and a list of whale names. The articles and the list of whale names will not be revised unless a resolution is passed at a conference of member countries to revise the treaty. The articles include the encouragement of scientific research on cetaceans and whaling, the power to establish and operate the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and amend the appendix, the obligations of contracting parties, whaling for scientific research (→scientific whaling), and the right to appeal IWC decisions. The treaty applies to all waters where whaling takes place, and 13 species of large cetaceans, including blue whales, fin whales, sperm whales, humpback whales, and minke whales (sei whales), are subject to management. Any country, whether whaling or anti-whaling, can join the treaty by applying to the United States, the depositary state. Japan signed the treaty in 1951 and withdrew from it in 2019. As of July 2019, there are 88 contracting states. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
クジラ類資源を適切に保存し,捕鯨産業の秩序ある発展を目指す国際条約。1946年締結,1948年発効。1937年鯨油の生産調整を主目的とする国際捕鯨取締協定 International Agreement for the Regulation of Whalingがイギリスのロンドンで締結されたが,第2次世界大戦後も資源が回復しなかったことを背景に,1946年アメリカ合衆国のワシントンD.C.において 15ヵ国が新たに ICRWに署名した。条約は 11の条文と禁漁期・水域,捕獲枠など具体的な規則を定めた付表,およびクジラ類名称表からなる。条文とクジラ類名称表は加盟国による条約改定会議で決議されないかぎり改正されない。条文にはクジラ類や捕鯨に関する科学的調査の奨励,国際捕鯨委員会 IWCの設置と運営および付表の修正などの権限,締約国の義務および科学的研究のための捕鯨(→調査捕鯨)や IWC決定に対する異議申し立ての権利などが盛り込まれている。条約適用水域は捕鯨が行なわれるすべての水域で,管理対象はシロナガスクジラ,ナガスクジラ,マッコウクジラ,ザトウクジラ,ミンククジラ(コイワシクジラ)など 13種の大型クジラ類である。条約は寄託国であるアメリカに申請すれば,捕鯨国,反捕鯨国を問わず加盟できる。日本は 1951年に条約を締結,2019年に脱退した。2019年7月現在の締約国は 88。
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