International Commission on Radiological Protection

Japanese: 国際放射線防護委員会 - こくさいほうしゃせんぼうごいいんかい

Founded in 1928 by the International Congress of Radiology (ICR), the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an international organization that examines the basic principles of radiation protection and radiation safety measures, and publishes the results as recommendations and reports. Its main activities include the establishment of a dose limitation system (justification, optimization, dose limitation), which is the basic principle for ensuring the safety of humans and the environment from the wide-ranging use of atomic energy and radiation, and the creation of numerical standards (dose equivalent limits for workers and the general public). The basic principles recommended by ICRP are used as reference when creating radiation protection standards, measures, laws, etc. at nuclear power plants and other radiation-using facilities in Japan and many other countries. The ICRP consists of a Main Committee and four Expert Committees: (1) Radiation Effects, (2) Internal Exposure, (3) Radiation Protection in Medical Care, and (4) Application of the Main Committee Recommendations, and a Task Group. The members are selected not by nationality, but from researchers with outstanding achievements in fields such as radiation medicine, radiation protection, physics, health physics, biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics. The existence of the ICRP has attracted international attention due to the widespread radiation contamination and spread of radioactive materials caused by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011, which is considered one of the worst nuclear accidents in history. The committee has stated that measures are necessary if the general public is exposed to an accumulated radiation dose of 20 to 100 millisieverts per year in an emergency such as a nuclear accident, and has recommended that Japan revise its standards in the wake of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The secretariat is in Stockholm, Sweden.
→Related items Dose limits | Radiation protection

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Japanese:

1928年国際放射線学会議(ICR)で創設，放射線防護，放射線安全の方策の基本原則を検討し，その結果を勧告，報告として公表している国際機関。International Commission on Radiological Protection，略称 ICRP。おもな活動としては，原子力，放射線の広範囲にわたる利用から人間およびその環境の安全を確保するための基本原則である線量制限体系(正当化，最適化，線量制限)の整備と，その数値的基準(作業者および一般公衆に対する線量当量限度)の作成がある。ICRPによって勧告された基本原則は日本をはじめ多くの国々の原子力発電など放射線利用施設で放射線防護基準やその方策，法令等を作成する際に参考にされる。ICRP は，主委員会と四つの専門委員会――（１）放射線影響，（２）体内被曝，（３）医療における放射線防護，（４）主委員会勧告の適用――および課題グループから成り立つ。委員は，国籍によってではなく，放射線医学，放射線防護，物理学，保健物理学，生物学，遺伝学，生物化学，生物物理学などの専門分野からすぐれた業績をもつ研究者が選出されている。2011年３月に起こった，原発史上最悪の事故の一つとされる福島第一原発事故による，広範囲の放射線汚染と放射性物質の拡散でICRPの存在が国際的に注目された。同委員会は，原発事故などの緊急時に一般人が一年間にあびる放射線積算量20〜100ミリシーベルトの場合は対策が必要とし，福島第一原発事故を受けて，日本に基準を改めるよう勧告した。事務局はスウェーデンのストックホルム。
→関連項目線量限度｜放射線防護

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