Generally speaking, professionals are professional occupations that require national qualifications such as doctors and lawyers, but in the personnel management system of Japanese companies, professionals are one of the employee classifications that are paired with managers under the dual track of employment management. The background to the establishment of the professional system is that, in the midst of drastic changes in the business environment, it has become important in corporate management to assign capable managerial level personnel to staff departments and technology development departments, thereby freeing them from the tedious task of managing subordinates and allowing them to demonstrate their specialized knowledge and advanced abilities. However, in reality, many professional systems are operated as a treatment relief measure for those who were not given a managerial position, as a countermeasure to the shortage of managerial positions during the period of high economic growth, when the ``baby boomer generation'' who were hired in large numbers during the period of high economic growth were approaching managerial positions, and the period of slowdown and stagnation of corporate growth after the collapse of the bubble economy overlapped. Therefore, in such cases, even if the name is ``professional,'' in reality it is ``managerial position without subordinates,'' and they are easily subject to restructuring. Also, in some cases, managers have better ``expertise'' than professionals. Of course, it is true that companies have outstanding experts in accounting, human resources, product development, or technology development, but they are a very small minority in number. [Masatsugu Takeda] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般的には医師や弁護士といった国家資格を必要とする専門的職業をさすが、日本企業の人事管理制度上における専門職とは、雇用管理の複線化の下で管理職と対をなす社員区分の一つである。専門職制度が設けられた背景は、経営環境が激変するなかで、管理職レベルの有能な人材をスタッフ部門や技術開発部門に配置することにより、部下の管理というわずらわしい業務から彼らを解放し、専門的知識や高度な能力を発揮させることが、企業経営において重要となったことだとされる。だが現実には、高度経済成長期に大量採用された「団塊の世代」が管理職ポストに差しかかる時期とバブル崩壊後の企業成長の鈍化・停滞の時期とが重なったなかでの、管理職ポスト不足への対応策として、役職につかなかった者への処遇上の救済措置として運用される専門職制度が多い。したがって、その場合には名称は「専門職」であっても実態は「部下なし管理職」であり、容易にリストラの対象となる。また、専門職よりも管理職のほうが「専門性」において秀(すぐ)れていることもある。もちろん、企業には経理や人事の、または製品開発や技術開発の飛び抜けた専門家がいることは事実であるが、数的にはかなり少数である。 [竹田昌次] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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