The formation of a word from two or more morphemes. Combining two or more existing words or forms that are similar in sound and meaning to existing words to create a new word is called synthesis (compounding), and the resulting word is called a compound word (compound word) (e.g., Sakana-uri, Hon-bako). Derivation is the process of creating a new word by adding an affix (prefix or suffix) to an existing independent word (word). O-tetsu-dai-san is a derived word. Kanji words can also be created based on Japanese words (e.g., O-ko (occo → birou)). There are also reverse formations (e.g., ryouri → ryoururu (verb)) and abbreviations (e.g., Mise-tana → shop). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
2つ以上の形態素から単語を構成すること。すでに存在している単語またはそれに音形も意味もよく似ている形式を,2つ以上組合せて新しい単語をつくることを合成 (複合) といい,できた単語を合成語 (複合語) という (サカナ-ウリ,ホン-バコなど) 。既存の自立語 (単語) に接辞 (接頭辞や接尾辞) をつけて新しい単語をつくることを派生という。オ-テツダイ-サンなどは派生語である。また国語をもとにして漢字語をつくることもある (例:尾籠〈オコ→ビロウ〉など) 。逆形成 (料理→リョウル〈動詞〉など) や,省略 (見せ棚→店など) もある。
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