Hu Hanmin - Kokanmin

A Chinese politician during the Republic of China period. Born in Guangdong Province. Graduated from Hosei University in Japan. In 1905 (Meiji 38), he participated in the founding of the China Tongminghui in Tokyo and worked under Sun Yat-sen. In 1912, with the establishment of the Republic of China's Nanjing Provisional Government, he became Secretary-General of the Provisional Presidential Office, and then Governor of Guangdong. The following year, in 1913, the Second Revolution failed and he fled to Japan. After the Kuomintang was reorganized in 1924, he became head of the Propaganda Department, and after Sun Yat-sen moved north, he acted as Grand Marshal.

In 1927, together with Chiang Kai-shek, he launched the April 12th (Shanghai) coup to oppress the Communist Party, and in the following year, 1928, he became the Speaker of the Legislative Yuan of the Nationalist government. He was a key figure in the Nationalist Party alongside Chiang Kai-shek, but he had a disagreement with Chiang and was imprisoned in Nanjing by Chiang in 1931. After the September 18th Incident (Liutiao Lake Incident), he was released from imprisonment, but he continued to oppose the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei, and maintained a hidden hostile force in Guangdong. He traveled to Europe in 1935, and died the following year in 1936 after returning to China, and a state funeral for the Nationalist government was held in Guangdong.

[Ando Hikotaro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、民国期の政治家。広東(カントン)省出身。日本の法政大学卒業。1905年（明治38）、東京における中国同盟会の創立に参加し、孫文(そんぶん／スンウェン)のもとで活動した。1912年、中華民国南京(ナンキン)臨時政府成立とともに臨時大総統府秘書長、ついで広東都督となる。翌1913年第二革命に失敗し、日本に亡命。1924年国民党改組後、宣伝部長となり、孫文北上後、大元帥の職権を代行した。

　1927年蒋介石(しょうかいせき／チヤンチエシー)とともに共産党弾圧の四・一二（上海(シャンハイ)）クーデターを発動、翌1928年国民政府立法院長となった。蒋介石と並ぶ国民党の重鎮であったが、蒋と意見が衝突し、1931年、彼によって南京に監禁された。九・一八事件（柳条湖(りゅうじょうこ)事件）後、監禁を解かれたが、依然として蒋介石、汪兆銘(おうちょうめい／ワンチャオミン)らの国民政府と対立し、広東にあって隠然たる敵対勢力を維持した。1935年ヨーロッパに外遊、翌1936年帰国後死去、広東で国民政府の国葬が行われた。

［安藤彦太郎］

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