Supercharger - Supercharger (English spelling)

Japanese: 過給機 - かきゅうき(英語表記)super charger
Supercharger - Supercharger (English spelling)

A blower that compresses air or a mixture and sends it to a reciprocating internal combustion engine. It is also called a supercharger. In a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the more air it takes in, the more power it can produce. In order to obtain more power from an engine of the same size, it was put to practical use in airplane engines during World War I, and has since been used in large reciprocating internal combustion engines for airplanes, high-performance automobile engines, and reciprocating internal combustion engines for ships. There are speed-type superchargers, such as rotating impellers, and volume-type superchargers, such as meshing gears. There are two types of drive: direct engine-driven superchargers and exhaust turbine-driven superchargers. The latter use speed-type superchargers. In addition, exhaust turbine-driven superchargers can recover exhaust energy, which is expected to improve thermal efficiency. All large diesel engines for ships and other uses exhaust turbine-driven superchargers, and some small gasoline and diesel engines for automobiles and other uses engine-driven and exhaust turbine-driven superchargers. Exhaust turbine-driven superchargers are also called turbochargers.

[Masatake Yoshida]

[Reference item] | Turbocharger
Principle of supercharger (Roots type supercharger)
©Takashi Aoki

Principle of supercharger (Roots type supercharger)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

空気または混合気を圧縮して往復動内燃機関に送る送風機。スーパーチャージャーsuperchargerともいう。往復動内燃機関では吸入する空気量が多いほど出力は大きくなるので、同じ大きさの機関からより多くの出力を得る目的で、第一次世界大戦での飛行機用機関で実用化され、以後飛行機用の大型往復動内燃機関、高性能自動車用の機関、船舶用の往復動内燃機関で使用されている。過給機には回転羽根車のような速度型と噛合(かみあ)い歯車のような容積型があり、駆動方法としては直接機関で駆動するものと、排気タービンで駆動するものがあり、後者では速度型の過給機が用いられる。また排気タービンを用いるものでは排気のエネルギーを回収でき、熱効率の向上が期待できる。船舶用などの大型ディーゼル機関ではすべて排気タービン駆動の過給機が用いられ、自動車用などの小型のガソリンエンジンやディーゼルエンジンでも、一部で機関駆動のものと排気タービン駆動のものが用いられている。排気タービン駆動の過給機は、ターボチャージャーturbochargerともいう。

[吉田正武]

[参照項目] | ターボチャージャー
過給機の原理(ルーツ式スーパーチャージャー)
©青木 隆">

過給機の原理(ルーツ式スーパーチャージ…


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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