Amenemhat I

Japanese: アメンエムハト[1世]（英語表記）Amenemhat I

Founder of the 12th Dynasty of ancient Egypt. Reigned from 1991 BC to 1962 BC. He was probably the same person as the vizier of the same name under Mentuhotep IV, the last king of the 11th Dynasty who succeeded in reuniting Egypt around 2040 BC. He is believed to have founded a new dynasty through a coup d'état, supported by local nobles who rebelled against the rapid centralization of power. While granting a large number of privileges to hereditary nobles, he also aimed to realize a centralized state by moving the royal capital from Thebes in the south to Faiyum in the north, determining the boundaries of the nomes, which were local administrative units (and at the same time clarifying the water rights of the irrigation network by the state), and establishing an education system for the children of commoners, mainly artisans, in order to train bureaucrats loyal to the king.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

古代エジプト第12王朝の始祖。在位，前1991年ころ‐前1962年ころ。前2040年ころエジプト再統一に成功した第11王朝の最後の王メンチュヘテプ4世下の同名の宰相とおそらく同一人物で，急激な中央集権化策に反発した地方豪族の支持を背景に，クーデタにより新王朝を開いたとみられる。世襲貴族の特権を大幅に認めると同時に，中央集権国家の実現をめざして，南のテーベから北のファイユームへの王都移転，地方行政単位であるノモスの境界の確定(同時に灌漑水路網の用水権の国家による明確化)，王に忠実な官僚の養成のための工人層を中心とする庶民の子弟を対象とした教育制度の整備などを行った。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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