Spotted knifejaw

Japanese: イシガキダイ - いしがきだい(英語表記)spotted knifejaw
Spotted knifejaw

A marine fish belonging to the order Perciformes and family Oplegnathidae of the class Osteichthyes. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean, including the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of ​​Japan from Hokkaido to the southern coast of Kyushu, the Ogasawara Islands, Yakushima, the Ryukyu Islands, the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, and the Yellow Sea. Its body shape is very similar to that of the closely related Oplegnathus punctatus, with a high body height and strong laterality. Its mouth is small, and the rear end of its upper jaw does not reach the front edge of the eye. Its teeth are hardened by calcareous matter, and together with the jaw bones, they form a beak-like shape. This is formed by the fusion of many small teeth. Its scales are extremely small. Its dorsal fin has 12 spines and 15 to 16 soft rays, its anal fin has 3 spines and 13 soft rays, and the soft rays of both fins are somewhat elongated. The body color is different from that of the Ishidai, with large and small blackish brown spots that resemble a stone wall, densely distributed on the body and vertical fins, and black spots scattered on the sides of the body. The stone wall pattern disappears in males as they grow, but remains in females. As they grow, the snouts of both males and females turn white, which is why they are called white croakers. The spawning season is in the spring, and the young fish attach to floating seaweed and driftwood, but when they reach a total length of 4 to 5 cm, they leave the floating seaweed and live near the shore. When they reach a total length of about 15 cm, they live on rocky reefs, and use their hard teeth to crush and eat turban shells, abalone, sea urchins, barnacles, crabs, etc. They can reach a maximum total length of 86 cm. They live further south than the Ishidai. Like the Ishidai, they have a strong pull when caught, so they are a popular fish for rock fishing. They are delicious when washed, served as sashimi, or simmered. Sometimes, individuals with both horizontal stripes and spots, which are characteristic of both ishidai and ishigai, are seen. Such individuals can be born from a male and female ishidai, or they can be the result of crossbreeding between ishidai and ishigai. Because they grow faster than ishidai, they were artificially crossbred with female ishidai at Kinki University, and the hybrid was named Kindai.

[Masao Katayama and Kunio Amano, February 17, 2021]

[Reference] | Stonefish

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硬骨魚綱スズキ目イシダイ科に属する海水魚。北海道から九州南岸の太平洋と日本海各地、小笠原(おがさわら)諸島、屋久島(やくしま)、南西諸島、朝鮮半島南岸、台湾、黄海など西太平洋に分布する。体形は近縁種のイシダイによく似ており、体高は高く、強く側扁(そくへん)する。口は小さく、上顎(じょうがく)の後端は目の前縁下に達しない。歯は石灰質で固められ、あごの骨とともに嘴(くちばし)状となる。これは小さい歯が多数癒合してできたものである。鱗(うろこ)はきわめて小さい。背びれは12棘(きょく)15~16軟条、臀(しり)びれは3棘13軟条で、両ひれの軟条部はいくぶん伸長する。体色はイシダイと異なり、大小の黒褐色斑紋(はんもん)が石垣状になり、体と垂直鰭(すいちょくき)に密に分布するほか、体側に黒色斑点が散在する。雄では成長すると石垣模様が消えるが、雌では残る。成長すると雌雄ともに吻部(ふんぶ)が白くなることから、シログチとよばれる。産卵期は春で、稚魚は流れ藻や流木につくが、全長4~5センチメートルになると流れ藻を離れ、海岸近くで生活する。全長15センチメートルくらいになると岩礁にすみつき、硬い歯でサザエ、アワビ、ウニ、フジツボ、カニなどをかみ砕いて食べる。最大全長は86センチメートルに達する。イシダイよりも南方に生息する。イシダイと同様に釣り上げるときに引きが強いので、磯釣りの対象魚として喜ばれる。洗い、刺身、煮つけなどにすると美味である。ときにはイシダイ、イシガキダイ両種の性質を備えた横縞(よこじま)と斑点の両方があるものがみられることがある。このような個体はイシダイの雌雄から生まれることもあり、またイシダイとイシガキダイの交雑によって生まれることもある。成長はイシダイよりも早いために、近畿大学でイシダイの雌との人工交雑が行われ、この雑種をキンダイと命名している。

[片山正夫・尼岡邦夫 2021年2月17日]

[参照項目] | イシダイ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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