London School

Japanese: ロンドン学派 - ろんどんがくは(英語表記)London school
London School

From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, British economics was dominated by A. Marshall's Cambridge School (neoclassical school in the narrow sense), which was the mainstream around the world and paid no attention to the achievements of continental economics such as the Austrian School, the Lausanne School, and the Scandinavian School. In contrast, the University of London actively adopted the achievements of continental economics, introducing a fresh air into British academia. L.C. Robbins and F.A. Hayek were at the core of the University of London, and young figures such as J.R. Hicks, N. Kaldor, and A.P. Lerner gathered under them and achieved a wide range of accomplishments. The activities of this group of people are called the London School.

The London School is diverse in its content. First, Robbins's attitude that economics is a discipline that pursues the rational allocation of scarce resources, and based on the above-mentioned ideas, new welfare economics such as Hicks, Lerner, and Kaldor that criticize Pigou's welfare economics, Hicks' general equilibrium theory, monetary business cycle theory such as Robbins and Hayek, as well as marginal productivity theory, production structure theory, and capital theory. In this way, continental economics flourished in Britain and further influenced the world.

[Toyosaburo Sato]

"The Essence and Meaning of Economics, by L. Robbins, translated by Tsuji Rokubei (1957, Toyo Keizai Shinposha)""The Pure Theory of Capital, by F.A. Hayek, translated by Ichiya Toichiro, two volumes (1944 / revised edition, 1952, Jitsugyo no Nihonsha)""Value and Capital, by J.R. Hicks, translated by Yasui Takuma and Kumagai Nao, two volumes (1951 / revised edition, 1965, Iwanami Shoten)"

[Reference] | History of Economic Theory

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

19世紀末から20世紀へかけてのイギリス経済学界はA・マーシャルのケンブリッジ学派(狭義の新古典学派)が圧倒的地位を占め、このケンブリッジ学派は世界の主流でもあって、オーストリア学派、ローザンヌ学派、北欧学派など大陸経済学の業績には関心を払わなかった。これに対してロンドン大学は大陸経済学の成果を積極的に取り入れて、イギリスの学界に清新の気を導入した。ロンドン大学の中心となったのはL・C・ロビンズ、F・A・ハイエクであり、そのもとに若き日のJ・R・ヒックス、N・カルドア、A・P・ラーナーなどが集まり、多彩な業績をあげた。これら一群の人々の活動をロンドン学派とよぶ。

 ロンドン学派の内容は多様である。まずロビンズにみる、経済学を希少な資源の合理的配分を追究する学問であるとする態度、上記の考え方に発して、ピグーの厚生経済学を批判するヒックス、ラーナー、カルドアなどの新厚生経済学、ヒックスの一般均衡理論、ロビンズ、ハイエクなどの貨幣的景気理論、そのほか限界生産力説、生産構造理論、資本理論などが含まれる。こうして大陸経済学は、イギリスでも花を開き、さらにまた世界に影響を与えた。

[佐藤豊三郎]

『L・ロビンズ著、辻六兵衛訳『経済学の本質と意義』(1957・東洋経済新報社)』『F・A・ハイエク著、一谷藤一郎訳『資本の純粋理論』全二冊(1944/改訳版・1952・実業之日本社)』『J・R・ヒックス著、安井琢磨・熊谷尚夫訳『価値と資本』全二冊(1951/改訳版・1965・岩波書店)』

[参照項目] | 経済学説史

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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