The largest city in the northwestern state of Punjab, northwest India. It is the administrative capital of Amritsar district. It is a politically important place located about 48 km from the border with Pakistan, on the Lahore highway connecting Delhi and Lahore, Pakistan. It was built in 1577 as a center of Sikh faith, and the Amrita Sarasu Lake, the city's water source, was also built at the same time. The site of the Amritsar Massacre, in which British troops fired on a crowd gathered for a protest against the Rowlatt Act in 1919, leaving about 400 people dead, is now Jallianwala Park. The city is mainly involved in the distribution of agricultural and livestock products from the Himalayan foothills, and handicrafts such as carpets, silk products, embroidery, and gold and silver work, as well as machinery and electrical industries. There are many Sikhs in the surrounding area, and there are the Golden Temple, the headquarters of Sikhism, and the Sikh Kar University, which is part of the University of the Punjab. In 1984, Sikh extremists demanding independence for Punjab occupied the Golden Temple, but the government sent in the military to drive them out, leading to bloody fighting between Sikhs and Hindus, which calmed down by the early 1990s. Population: 709,456 (1991). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
インド北西部,パンジャブ州北西部にある州最大の都市。アムリッツァル県の行政庁所在地。パキスタンとの国境から約 48km,デリーとパキスタンのラホールを結ぶラホール街道上に位置する政治上の要地。 1577年にシク教の信仰の中心として建設され,同時に市の水源であるアムリタサラス湖が造られた。 1919年,ローラット法に対する抗議集会に集った大衆にイギリス軍が発砲し,約 400人の死者を出したアムリッツァル虐殺事件の地は,現在,ジャリアンワーラ公園になっている。ヒマラヤ山麓からの農・畜産物の集散や,カーペット,絹製品,刺繍,金銀細工などの手工業を主とし,機械,電機工業も立地。周辺一帯にはシク教徒が多く,シク教総本山のゴールデンテンプルや,パンジャブ大学に属するシク教のカール大学がある。 84年にはパンジャブ州の独立を求めるシク教徒過激派がゴールデンテンプルを占拠し,政府は軍隊を投入してこれを排除したため,シク教徒とヒンドゥー教徒との間に流血の抗争が続いたが,1990年代初めには鎮静化した。人口 70万 9456 (1991) 。
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