Born: July 22, 1856. Lion, d'Angers [Died] September 8, 1907, Huchet A leading French philosopher in the first half of the 20th century. After teaching philosophy at a high school, he became a professor at the University of Bordeaux in 1884. He became a lecturer at the École Normale Supérieure (Higher Normal School) in 1903 and at the Sorbonne in 1905. In 1907, he published Essai sur les éléments principaux de la représentation (Essai sur les éléments principaux de la représentation), the fruit of many years of research, and a translation and commentary on the second volume of Aristotle's Physics as a secondary thesis, and submitted it to the Sorbonne as his doctoral thesis. Essai sur les éléments principaux de la représentation caused a fierce debate between him and the chief examiner, E. Bouteloup. While his rival H. Bergson adopted intuitionism based on his criticism of science, he adopted idealism based on classical studies and made representation the sole subject of philosophy. His starting point was the Kantianism of his teacher C. Renouvier, but his originality lies in his systematization of representation through a synthetic method. Based on the fact that a hypothesis always exists after the elimination of its opposite, he named the three factors of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis as relations, and used dialectics to place categories in a necessary chain. The eleven categories are relations and number, time and space, motion and quality, transformation and speciation, causality and purposiveness, and personality as the highest synthesis. His philosophy, which sees personality as the highest reality and fundamental unity, is a truly open philosophy of creation, and is close to the existential philosophy pursued by his student Le Sennes. Amran died while rescuing two people who were drowning in the sea at his summer resort in late summer. After his death, the research that formed the basis of Essay on the System of Descartes (1911), The System of Aristotle (20), and The System of Renouvier (27), which were based on his lecture notes from the École Normale Supérieure, were published. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1856.7.22. リオン,ダンジェ [没]1907.9.8. ユシェ 20世紀前半のフランスを代表する哲学者。高校の哲学教授を歴任後,1884年ボルドー大学教授。 1903年エコール・ノルマル・シュペリュール (高等師範学校) ,05年ソルボンヌ大学講師。 07年長年の研究の成果たる『表象の主要要素についての試論』 Essai sur les éléments principaux de la représentation,および副論文としてのアリストテレス『自然学』第2巻の翻訳と注解とを公刊し,学位論文としてソルボンヌ大学に提出。『試論』は主査 E.ブートルーとの間に激しい論戦を引起した。好敵手 H.ベルクソンが科学批判から直観主義をとったのに対し,古典研究を根底とする観念論に立って表象を唯一の哲学の対象とした。その出発点にあるのは師 C.ルヌービエのカント主義であるが,総合的方法によって表象を体系化したところにその独自性がある。措定は必ずその反対措定の排除のうえに成り立つという事実から,定立,反定立,総合の3契機を関係と名づけ,その弁証法を用いて範疇を必然的連鎖のもとにおいた。関係と数,時間と空間,運動と質,変質と種化,因果性と目的性,そして至高の総合としての人格の 11がその範疇である。人格性を至高の実在,根源的統一とみるその哲学は,真の意味で開かれた創造の哲学であり,弟子のル・センヌのたどった実存哲学に近い。アムランは晩夏の避暑地の海でおぼれかかった2人を救いながら,みずからは死んだ。死後高等師範学校での講義ノートから『デカルトの体系』 (1911) ,『アリストテレスの体系』 (20) ,『ルヌービエの体系』 (27) など『試論』の根底となった研究が公刊された。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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