Lecture ceremony - Koushiki

Japanese: 講式 - こうしき
Lecture ceremony - Koushiki

Among the ritual procedures for Buddhist ceremonies, this refers especially to ceremonies in which the virtues of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and patriarchs are praised. Genshin's "Twenty-Five Samai Ceremonies" (986) was the first of its kind, and it became very popular thereafter. The name of the lecture was first given to Genshin's "Rokudo Lecture." However, later on, lectures that included the ritual of singing and praising became mainstream, and this type of lecture is said to have begun with Eikan's "Ojo Lecture." Furthermore, Shingen's "Junju Ojo Lecture" combined musical instruments and saibara. While all of the above lectures from the Heian period were centered on the belief in Amida, in the Kamakura period, those by Jokei and Myoe that promoted the belief in Shaka, Miroku, and Shinto appeared. Jokei had the "Miroku lecture" and "Shari lecture," while Myoe had the "Shiza lecture," "Komyō Shingon lecture," and "Daimyojin lecture." In the Muromachi period, the "Hoon lecture" by Kakunyo of Hongan-ji, and the "Shatoku lecture" and "Ryōshi lecture" by Songaku were noted as lectures honoring the founders. Many of these lectures have already been abolished, but a few are still held in the Shinshu Hoonko, the Zen Goko, and the Nehanko.

[Kitanishi Hiroshi]

"Research on the Four Lectures by Haruhiko Kindaichi (1964, Sanseido)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

仏教法会(ほうえ)の儀式次第のうち、とくに仏・菩薩(ぼさつ)、祖師などの徳を講讃(こうさん)する儀式をいう。源信(げんしん)の「二十五三昧(さんまい)式」(986)はその嚆矢(こうし)で、その後盛んに流行した。講式の名称は、源信の「六道(ろくどう)講式」を最初とする。しかしその後、歌詠賛嘆の儀を付す講式が主流となり、このような講式は永観(ようかん)の「往生(おうじょう)講式」がその初めとされる。さらに真源(しんげん)の「順次往生講式」では、管弦(かんげん)、催馬楽(さいばら)を結合したものとなった。以上の平安時代の講式がいずれも阿弥陀(あみだ)信仰を中心としたのに対し、鎌倉時代には貞慶(じょうけい)、明恵(みょうえ)らによる釈迦(しゃか)、弥勒(みろく)、神祇(じんぎ)信仰を鼓吹(こすい)するものが現れた。貞慶には「弥勒講式」「舎利(しゃり)講式」などがあり、明恵には「四座(しざ)講式」「光明真言(こうみょうしんごん)講式」「大明神(だいみょうじん)講式」などがある。室町時代には、本願寺覚如(かくにょ)の「報恩(ほうおん)講式」、存覚(そんがく)の「謝徳(しゃとく)講式」「両師講式」などが祖師を顕彰するものとして注目される。現在、それらの講式のうちすでに廃絶したものも多いが、真宗の報恩講、禅宗の五講、また涅槃(ねはん)講などにおいて若干の講式が行われている。

[北西 弘]

『金田一春彦著『四座講式の研究』(1964・三省堂)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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