A technique for using multiple small antennas to make the same observations as a large-aperture radio telescope. It is also called aperture synthesis. In contrast, radio telescopes such as parabolic antennas are sometimes called single-aperture. It is a type of interferometer that uses interference of radio waves for synthesis. This makes it possible to achieve apertures of several kilometers to global scale that are impossible with a single aperture, and to obtain high-resolution radio photographs. Representative aperture synthesis telescopes include the VLA (short for very large array) at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Socorro, New Mexico, USA, which has 27 25-m antennas, a total length of 20 km, and three baselines; the University of Leiden in Westerbork, Netherlands, which has 14 25-m antennas, a total length of 3.2 km; and the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, UK, which has 8 13-m antennas, a total length of 5 km. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
小さいアンテナを複数個使って大きい開口の電波望遠鏡と同じ観測をする技術。開口合成ともいう。これと対比させて,パラボラアンテナなどの電波望遠鏡は単一開口と呼ばれることがある。干渉計の一種で,合成には電波の干渉を用いる。これによって,単一開口では不可能な数kmから地球規模までの開口が可能になり分解能の高い電波写真が得られるようになった。代表的な口径合成用望遠鏡としては,アメリカのニューメキシコ州ソコロの国立電波天文台にあるVLA(very large arrayの略)直径25mアンテナ27台,全長20km,基線3本,オランダのウェステルボルクにあるライデン大学の直径25m14台,全長3.2km,イギリスのケンブリッジにあるケンブリッジ大学の直径13m8台,全長5kmなどがある。
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