...Because, as Tacitus writes, in those days when land was plentiful and only crude cultivation methods were available, possessing large tracts of land was not the basic condition for holding power. On the contrary, being a charismatic aristocrat or of good family background resulted in the possibility of owning large tracts of land or ruling over peasants, and was not something that was given by a higher ruler as a fief. For this reason, even in the 8th and 9th centuries when feudalism was established, in areas of Germany with strong Old Germanic traditions, the idea of spontaneous "rule" by aristocrats and small local lords and the idea of free hereditary land (Allod) remained, separate from the idea of "fief" in former Roman Empire territories such as France. As a result of the development of archaeology, the nature of nobility and vassals in the Old Germanic period is gradually becoming clear, especially in relation to the distribution of castles (burgs). ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Allod" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…なぜならタキトゥスの記述にあるように,土地がありあまっていて,粗笨な耕作方法しかなかった当時にあっては,大土地を領しているということが権力保持の基礎条件ではなく,むしろ逆に,カリスマ的に貴族や良い家柄であるということが,結果として大土地所有または農民支配の可能性をもたらしたのであり,〈封〉として上級支配者から与えられたものではなかったからである。このような事情から,封建制が成立する8~9世紀になっても,古ゲルマンの伝統の強いドイツの諸地域では,フランスなど旧ローマ帝国領での〈封〉の考えとは別に,貴族や在郷小領主などの自生的な〈支配〉と自由世襲地Allodの観念が尾をひいて残ることとなった。 古ゲルマン時代における貴族や従士のあり方は,考古学が発達した結果,特に城砦(ブルク)の分布との関係で,漸次明らかにされつつある。… ※「Allod」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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