Crown of Light - Exchange

Japanese: 光冠 - こうかん
Crown of Light - Exchange

A ring of colored light with a relatively small diameter that appears around the sun or moon. It is also written as halo. The radius of the ring is usually around 3 degrees, and the color arrangement is characterized by a reddish color on the outside of the ring. A similar type of halo is a halo, but a halo has a radius of 22 degrees and a red color arrangement on the inside, so it can be clearly distinguished from a corona.

A halo is formed when the light of the sun or moon is diffracted by the cloud particles in thin clouds. The radius of the halo is inversely proportional to the radius of the cloud particles. The smaller the cloud particles, the larger the radius of the halo. Measure the angle of the red outer edge of the halo using a nearby tool and divide that angle by 20 to find the radius (unit: micrometers). A Bishop ring is a diffraction phenomenon caused by volcanic ash instead of cloud particles. Since the radius of the Bishop ring is about 20 degrees, the radius of volcanic ash is estimated to be about 1 micrometer. Since the size of the cloud particles is generally not uniform in clouds, the color of the halo is not as clear as the colors of a rainbow. In most cases, the sun or moon is surrounded by a pale blue color and a dull reddish brown ring. This is sometimes called an aureole. When clouds first form, the size of the cloud particles is relatively uniform, and the color of the halo becomes as clear as the colors of a rainbow. At night, when clouds gather over a mountain, you can see a colorful halo when you look at the light from a distance of about 20 meters. In such cases, the halo can appear double or triple. The phenomenon known as the "Goko" or "Brocken ghost" is also caused by the diffraction of light, just like the halo, but the arrangement of colors is the same.

[Masaji Ota]

[Reference] | Halo | Light | Brocken's Ghost

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

太陽や月の周りに現れる比較的小さい直径の色のついた光の輪。光環とも書く。輪の半径は普通3度前後で、色の配列は輪の外側が赤みがかっているのが特徴である。同じような光輪には暈(かさ)があるが、暈は半径が22度、色の配列は内側が赤であるので光冠とははっきり区別できる。

 光冠は太陽や月の光が薄い雲の雲粒のために回折してできる。光冠の半径は雲粒の半径に逆比例する。雲粒が小さくなるほど光冠の半径は大きくなる。光輪の赤の外縁の角度を手近な道具を使って測り、その角度で20を割ると半径(単位マイクロメートル)がわかる。ビショップ環は雲粒のかわりに火山灰によって生じた回折現象である。ビショップ環の半径は約20度であることから、火山灰の半径は約1マイクロメートルであると推定される。雲の中では雲粒の大きさは一般に不ぞろいであるから、光冠の色は虹(にじ)の色のように鮮明にならない。多くの場合太陽や月の周りが青白い色で、その周囲を赤褐色の鈍い輪が取り巻く程度である。これをオーレオールaureoleとよぶこともある。雲のでき始めには雲粒の大きさは比較的そろっていて、光冠の色は虹色と同じように鮮明になる。夜間山の上で雲がかかってきたとき、20メートルくらい離れた位置から電灯の光を見ると色鮮やかな光冠を見ることができる。このようなときには光輪は二重、三重にも現れる。なお、御光(ごこう)やブロッケンの妖怪(ようかい)とよばれる現象は光冠と同様に光の回折によっておこるが、このときの色の配列は同じである。

[大田正次]

[参照項目] | | 御光 | ブロッケンの妖怪

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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