Public trial - Öffentlichkeitsentscheidung

Japanese: 公開裁判 - こうかいさいばん(英語表記)Öffentlichkeitsentscheidung
Public trial - Öffentlichkeitsentscheidung
A trial is conducted under the guarantee of freedom of public observation. It is an important principle for eliminating arbitrary trials and protecting the rights and freedoms of the people. The Constitution of Japan stipulates that "trials and judgments shall be conducted in public" (Article 82, paragraph 1), and further guarantees criminal defendants the "right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial court" (Article 37, paragraph 1). However, if the judges unanimously decide that there is a risk of harming public order and morals, the trial may be held in private, but in cases involving political crimes, crimes related to publication, or cases in which the rights of the people guaranteed in Chapter 3 of the Constitution are at issue, they must be held in public (Article 82, paragraph 2). Even if a trial is conducted by a court, it is not unconstitutional for it to be held in private, since non-contentious trials are not judicial actions. If a trial or judgment is made in private when it should be public, the judgment may be set aside on appeal (Civil Procedure Code).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
一般国民の傍聴の自由の保障のもとに行なわれる裁判。恣意的な裁判を排し,国民の権利,自由を保護するうえで重要な原則。日本国憲法は「裁判の対審及び判決は,公開法廷でこれを行ふ」 (82条1項) と規定し,さらに刑事被告人については「公平な裁判所の迅速な公開裁判を受ける権利」 (37条1項) を保障している。もっとも,裁判官の全員一致で,公序良俗を害するおそれがあると決した場合には,対審は公開しないで行なうことができるが,しかし政治犯罪,出版に関する犯罪または憲法第3章で保障する国民の権利が問題となっている事件については,必ず公開で行なわなければならないことになっている (82条2項) 。裁判所の行なうものであっても,非訟事件の裁判などは司法作用ではないので,非公開で行なっても違憲ではないとされている。公開すべきにもかかわらずに公開しないで審理または判決がなされた場合には,その判決は上訴によって取り消される (民事訴訟法) 。

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