Magnetic flux

Japanese: 磁束 - じそく
Magnetic flux

This is the quantity obtained by integrating magnetic flux density or magnetic induction over an area perpendicular to its direction. Its unit is Maxwell (symbol Mx) in the CGS system, and Weber (symbol Wb) in the MKS system or SI system (International System of Units). When the magnetic flux passing through a coil changes over time, a voltage proportional to the rate of change is generated between both ends of the coil (law of electromagnetic induction). The direction of this voltage is such that the magnetic field generated by the current flowing as a result opposes the change in magnetic flux. This is called Lenz's law.

Magnetic flux is created by the current flowing through a permanent magnet or a coil. When magnetic flux is returned to a circuit made of soft iron or a soft magnetic material, this circuit is called a magnetic circuit. In comparison with a current circuit, a permanent magnet or a coil with a current flowing through it corresponds to a battery, and magnetic flux corresponds to current. This type of magnetic circuit is generally used in devices that utilize magnetism.

The smallest unit of magnetic flux is called a magnetic flux quantum, and its value is 2.07×10 -15 Wb. A precision magnetometer called a SQUID is a device that precisely measures magnetic flux by counting the number of pairs of electrons (called Cooper pairs) that pass through a junction (called a Josephson junction) in a circuit made of superconducting wire, taking advantage of the fact that the magnetic flux passing through the circuit changes by a magnetic flux quantum.

[Toshiaki Konno]

[Reference] | MKS Units | Coil | International System of Units | CGS Units | Magnetic Flux Density | Magnetic Field | Electromagnetic Induction | Lenz's Law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

磁束密度または磁気誘導をその方向に垂直なある面積について積分した量をいう。単位はCGS単位系ではマクスウェル(記号Mx)、MKS単位系またはSI単位系(国際単位系)ではウェーバー(記号Wb)である。コイルの中を通過する磁束が時間とともに変化すると、その変化の割合に比例した電圧がコイルの両端の間に生じる(電磁誘導の法則)。その電圧の向きは、それによって流れる電流の生ずる磁場が磁束の変化を妨げるような向きである。これをレンツの法則という。

 磁束は永久磁石またはコイルに流れる電流によってつくられる。軟鉄または軟磁性体でつくった一周回路に磁束を還流させるとき、この回路を磁気回路といい、電流回路と比較すると、永久磁石または電流の流れているコイルは電池に、また磁束は電流に対応する。磁気を利用する装置では、一般にこのような磁気回路が使われている。

 磁束の最小単位を磁束量子といい、その値は2.07×10-15Wbである。スクイッド(SQUID)とよばれる精密磁束計は、超伝導線でつくった回路の一部の接合部(ジョセフソン接合という)を通って電子対(つい)(クーパー対という)が通過するとき、回路を通過する磁束が磁束量子だけ変化することを利用して、その数を数えて、磁束を精密に測定する装置である。

[近角聡信]

[参照項目] | MKS単位系 | コイル | 国際単位系 | CGS単位系 | 磁束密度 | 磁場 | 電磁誘導 | レンツの法則

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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