… The debate over reciprocity first became lively among anthropologists in relation to the exchange of goods, and has since expanded to include intergroup mate-giving (marriage systems), interdependence between humans and supernatural beings, and more recently to the antagonistic binaries of symbolic theory. Marshall D. Sahlins, examining the exchange of goods, has noted that not all exchanges result in a balanced material balance between the parties, but rather in an unbalanced outcome, and he has divided the latter into altruistic and exploitative. However, balance and imbalance in the material dimension should be considered in a broader context that takes into account the emotional reactions that accompany the exchange and the effect of creating social solidarity. … *Some of the terminology referenced in "Sahlins, MD" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 互酬をめぐる議論は,人類学者のあいだでは当初,財の交換をめぐって活発化し,その後は集団相互の配偶者供与(婚姻システム),人間と超自然的存在の間の相互依存,さらに最近では,シンボル理論における対立的二項に関連して展開されてもいる。 サーリンズMarshall D.Sahlinsは,財の交換を検討して,当事者双方の間で物質面でのバランスが均衡するものばかりではなく,不均衡な結果を生じるものもあり,後者を利他的なものと奪利的なものに二分した。しかし物質的次元での均衡・不均衡は,交換に伴う情緒的次元の反応や社会的連帯を生む効果などを考慮にいれた,より広い文脈のなかで検討すべきであろう。… ※「Sahlins,M.D.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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