Johnston, Joseph Eggleston

Japanese: ジョンストン（英語表記）Johnston， Joseph Eggleston

Born February 3, 1807, near Farmville, Virginia.
[Died] March 21, 1891, Washington, DC
American soldier and politician. In 1861, when the Confederate Confederacy seceded from the Union, he threw in his lot with his native Virginia and joined the Confederate Army, becoming the commander of the Confederate Army at Shenandoah. He won the first battle, the Battle of Bull Run, and gained the trust of the Confederate Army. He opposed the tactical plan of Confederate President J. Davis, but followed it and fought well at the Battle of Fair Oaks in May 1862, but was seriously wounded and handed over his duties to General R. Lee. In March 1865, he attempted to stop Sherman's army in North Carolina, but surrendered at Durham Station on April 26. After the war, he served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1879-1881) and a member of the Federal Railroad Commission (1885).

Johnston
Johnston, Albert Sidney

Born: February 2, 1803 in Washington, Kentucky, USA
Died April 6, 1862, Shiloh, Tennessee, U.S. Military officer during the American Civil War. After serving in the Black Hawk War and the Mexican-American War, he joined the Confederate Army when the Confederacy withdrew from the Union in 1861. He was appointed commander of the Western Department by Confederate President J. Davis, and after the fall of Nashville in February 1862, he concentrated his forces in Corinth, Mississippi, and on April 6-7 at Shiloh, he led a surprise attack on Union forces under the command of General U. Grant, gaining the upper hand in the battle, but was killed in action.

Johnston
Johnston, Sir Harry Hamilton

Born: June 12, 1858, London
[Died] July 31, 1927. British explorer and colonial administrator from Worksup, Nottinghamshire. From 1882 to 1883, he explored and investigated the Congo River basin from Portuguese West Africa. In 1884, he led the Royal Academy's Mount Kilimanjaro survey team. From 1885, he joined the Foreign Office and served as a diplomat and administrator in Africa. He published many books about Africa, and also wrote novels.

Johnston
Johnston, Richard Malcolm

[Born] 1822
[Died] 1898
American humorist and educator. He is remembered for his humorous Georgia Sketches (64), which were a successor to A.B. Longstreet's (1790-1870) Georgia Scenes (35).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1807.2.3. バージニア，ファームビル付近
[没]1891.3.21. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカの軍人，政治家。 1861年南部連合の連邦脱退に伴い出身地バージニアと運命をともにし，南軍に参加，シェナンドーの南軍指揮官。最初の戦闘，ブルランの戦いに勝利を得て信頼を集めた。南部連合大統領 J.デービスの作戦計画には反対であったが，その作戦に従い，62年5月フェアオークスの戦いで善戦し，重傷を負って R.リー将軍に職務を譲った。 65年3月シャーマン軍をノースカロライナで阻止しようとしたが，4月 26日ダラムステーションで降伏。戦後連邦下院議員 (1879～81) ，連邦鉄道委員 (85) をつとめた。

ジョンストン
Johnston， Albert Sidney

[生]1803.2.2. アメリカ，ケンタッキー，ワシントン
[没]1862.4.6. アメリカ，テネシー，シャイロー
アメリカ南北戦争期の軍人。ブラックホーク戦争やアメリカ＝メキシコ戦争に従軍したのち，1861年南部連合の連邦脱退に伴い南軍に参加。南部連合大統領 J.デービスから西部方面軍司令官に任じられ，62年2月ナッシュビル陥落ののちミシシッピ州コリントに兵力を集中し，4月6～7日シャイローで U.グラント将軍指揮下の北軍を急襲して優勢に戦闘を展開したが，戦死した。

ジョンストン
Johnston， Sir Harry Hamilton

[生]1858.6.12. ロンドン
[没]1927.7.31. ノッティンガムシャー，ワークサップ近郊
イギリスの探検家，植民地行政官。 1882～83年ポルトガル領西アフリカからコンゴ川流域を探検，調査。 84年イギリス王立学士院のキリマンジャロ山調査隊を指揮。 85年以降外務省に入りアフリカで外交官，行政官をつとめる。アフリカについて多くの著作を発表，その他小説も執筆。