A contract that extinguishes an old debt by establishing a new debt (Civil Code, Article 513). A single contract produces two legal effects: the establishment of a new debt and the extinguishment of an old debt, and there is a causal relationship between the two effects. In other words, if the old debt is not extinguished, the new debt will not be established, and if the new debt is not established, the old debt will not be extinguished (Civil Code, Article 517). A novation is different from a substitute performance in which a payment is actually made and the debt is extinguished, because a new debt is established and the debt is, so to speak, switched. Today, the social significance of a novation is not so great. There are three types of novation: novation due to a change in the creditor, novation due to a change in the debtor, and novation due to a change in purpose. The requirements for a novation to be established are that the old debt to be extinguished must be validly in existence, that a new debt must be established, and that the old debt and the new debt must have different elements. The effect of a novation is that the old debt is extinguished and a new debt that is not identical to it is established. [Takahisa Awaji] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
新債務を成立せしめることによって旧債務を消滅させる契約(民法513条)。一個の契約によって、新債務の成立と旧債務の消滅という2個の法律効果が生ずるものであり、両効果の間には因果関係がある。すなわち、旧債務の消滅がないときには新債務は成立せず、また、新債務が成立しないときには旧債務は消滅しない(同法517条)。更改は、新しい債務が成立し、いわば債務の切替えが行われるだけであるから、現実に給付が行われて債務が消滅する代物弁済とは異なる。今日、更改の社会的意義はそれほど大きくはない。更改には、債権者の交替による更改、債務者の交替による更改、目的の変更による更改の3種類がある。更改の成立要件は、消滅せしめられるべき旧債務が有効に存在すること、新債務が成立すること、旧債務と新債務とがその要素を異にすること、である。また、更改の効果は、旧債務が消滅し、これと同一性のない新債務が成立することである。 [淡路剛久] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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