Malesherbes - Chrétien-Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes

French politician. Born into a distinguished family of robed aristocrats under the old system before the Revolution. He held many government positions, and when he was head of the library censors, he showed sympathy for the speech activities of Rousseau and the Encyclopedists. In 1774, he was invited to become Minister of the Interior along with Turgot. He resigned two years later, but in 1787 he again carried out judicial reform as Minister of Justice. He went into exile in the early days of the Revolution, but in July 1792, during the turbulent period at the end of the Legislative Assembly, he returned to France to serve King Louis XVI, and even at the trial of the King at the National Convention, he took on the challenge of defending Louis XVI, regardless of the danger. He was arrested as a suspect of counter-revolution under the "Reign of Terror," and was guillotined in April 1794.

[Kinichi Higuchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの政治家。革命前の旧制度下の法服貴族の名門に生まれる。多くの官職を歴任、図書検閲局長のときルソーや百科全書派の言論活動に対し理解を示す。1774年チュルゴーとともに招かれ内相。2年後辞任したが、1787年ふたたび法相として司法改革を断行した。革命の初期に亡命したが、1792年7月、立法議会末期の激動期に国王ルイ16世に仕えるべくあえて帰国し、国民公会における国王裁判にあたっても、危険を顧みず進んでルイ16世の弁護の衝にあたった。「恐怖政治」のもとで自分が反革命容疑者として逮捕され、1794年4月ギロチンの犠牲となった。

［樋口謹一］

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