Genna Daijunkyo

Japanese: 元和大殉教 - げんなだいじゅんきょう
Genna Daijunkyo

In 1622 (Genwa 8), 55 Christians were martyred by burning at the stake and beheading at Nishizaka in Nagasaki. During the Genna period (1615-1624), the Edo Shogunate's persecution of Christians became more severe, and in 1620 (Genwa 6), missionaries were discovered by England and the Netherlands trying to infiltrate a red seal ship. In July 1622, the captain of the ship, Hirayama Jochin, and two missionaries (Augustinian Zuniga and Dominican Flores) were burned at the stake and the crew were beheaded, but this Hirayama Jochin incident marked the start of a major persecution of Christians. On August 5 of the same year (September 10 on the solar calendar), Christians who had been chained in prisons in Nagasaki and Omura were brought to the execution grounds, where 25 were burned at the stake and 30 were beheaded. Those executed included missionaries from various denominations, Christian leaders, and people who had given lodging to the missionaries, including women and children, such as an 80-year-old woman. One of the central figures, Jesuit Father Carlo Spinola, is famous for observing a lunar eclipse in Nagasaki on October 9, 1612 (November 8 in the solar calendar) and measuring the longitude of Nagasaki. This great martyrdom marked a turning point in the shogunate's oppression of Christians, stimulating thorough oppression by each feudal domain, while the news also fueled martyrdom fever in Manila, leading to a succession of missionaries' desperate attempts to infiltrate the city. A painting depicting this martyrdom is hung in the Jesuit cathedral in Rome.

[Sanae Murai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1622年(元和8)長崎西坂で火刑、斬首(ざんしゅ)によりキリシタン55人が殉教した事件。元和期(1615~24)に入ると江戸幕府によるキリシタン弾圧は過酷になり、1620年(元和6)朱印船による宣教師の潜入がイギリス、オランダ両国により摘発され、翌々年の22年7月に船長平山常陳(じょうちん)、宣教師2人(アウグスチノ会士ズニガ、ドミニコ会士フローレス)の火刑および乗組員の打首によって落着したが、この平山常陳事件を契機にキリシタン大迫害が開始された。同年8月5日(陽暦9月10日)、長崎や大村の牢獄(ろうごく)につながれていたキリシタンが刑場に引き出され、25人が火刑に、30人が斬首された。処刑者は各会派の宣教師、指導的立場にあったキリシタン、宣教師に宿を貸した者などで、そのなかには80歳の老婦など女性や小児も含まれていた。その中心人物の一人であるイエズス会神父カルロ・スピノラは、1612年(慶長17)10月9日(陽暦11月8日)長崎で月食を観測し、長崎の経度を測定したことで著名。この大殉教は幕府のキリシタン弾圧の画期となり、各藩の徹底的な弾圧を促進し、一方、この知らせはマニラにおける殉教熱をあおり、以後宣教師の決死的潜入が続出した。なおこの殉教を描いた絵画が、ローマのイエズス会の聖堂に掲げられている。

[村井早苗]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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