Judgment (Kendan)

Japanese: 検断(撿断) - けんだん

It means to investigate violations and denounce illegality. In medieval Japan, it collectively referred to the actions, powers, and duties of judicial police and criminal trials. In 1177 (Jisho 1), Kokuga Kendanshi were not allowed to enter the four temple lands of Shinkoji Temple, and an example from 1186 (Bun'ei 2) in a Dajokan document prohibiting Jito (local lords) in various provinces from conducting illegal investigations is thought to be an early example of its use in documents. It is likely a concept that was originally born in the legal system of the Imperial Court and Kokuga. After the Kamakura period, the Kebiishicho in Kyoto and the Kokuga in various provinces were in charge of investigations in the Imperial Court, but the authority of the Kokuga was quickly absorbed into the Shugo.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

非違を検察し不法を糾弾する意。日本の中世では司法警察･刑事裁判の行為･権限･職務を総称する。1177年(治承1)新興寺の寺領四至内に国衙検断使の不入が認められ，86年(文治2)の太政官符に諸国地頭が不法に検断を行うことを禁ずるなどとある例が，文書資料上の早い用例と思われる。もと朝廷―国衙の法体系で生まれた概念であろう。　鎌倉時代以降，朝廷では京都は検非違使庁，諸国は国衙が検断に当たるが，国衙の権限は早く守護に吸収される。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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