French composer and music theorist. He was roughly the same generation as JS Bach and Handel, and was a representative of French Baroque, succeeding Lully. He was born in Dijon in Burgundy to an organist father. Little is known about him before his childhood. After a short study of music in Italy in 1701, he served as an organist in churches throughout France, during which time he published his first collection of works, Clubsins Vol. 1, in Paris in 1706. In 1709, he succeeded his father as organist at Notre Dame Cathedral in Dijon, and then moved to Lyon. In 1722, he published his major work, Harmony Reduced to Natural Principles. This is known as the theoretical work that established the principles of modern functional harmony and was the first to systematically discuss the concepts of major and minor keys. He settled in Paris from 1722 or 1723, and published his first opera, Hippolyte et Aricie, in 1733, at the age of 50. He later composed many operas and pieces for the harpsichord, establishing his reputation as an opera composer with works such as Les Graceaux des Indes (1735), Castres et Pollux (1737), and Pygmalion (1748). However, he also bore the brunt of criticism from JJ Rousseau and others in the so-called Buffon controversy, a battle over the superiority of French and Italian music. His other works include the collection of ensembles, Concertos Nos. 1-5 (published in 1741), Clavusins (published in 1724), and New Clavusins (published around 1728). His works are considered classics of French music along with those of F. Couperin. His music was later highly praised by Berlioz, Debussy, and M. Ravel, and today he maintains an unshakable position as one of the greatest French musicians of the 18th century. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
フランスの作曲家,音楽理論家。J.S.バッハやヘンデルとほぼ同世代で,リュリのあとを継ぐフランス・バロックの代表者。オルガン奏者を父に,ブルゴーニュ地方のディジョンに生まれる。少年時代までのことはほとんど判明していない。1701年に短期間イタリアへ音楽留学したのちフランス各地の教会オルガン奏者を務め,その間1706年にはパリで最初の作品集《クラブサン曲集第1集》を出版した。1709年に父のあとを継いでディジョンのノートル・ダム大聖堂オルガン奏者に就任し,その後リヨンに向かう。1722年に主著《自然原理に還元された和声論》を出版。これは近代機能和声(和声)の原理を打ち立て,長調と短調の概念などを初めて体系的に論じた理論書として知られる。1722年か1723年からパリに定住し,1733年50歳で初のオペラ《イポリトとアリシー》を発表。以後,多くのオペラやクラブサン(ハープシコード)曲を作曲,《優雅なインドの国々》(1735年),《カストルとポリュクス》(1737年),《ピグマリオン》(1748年)などでオペラ作曲家としての名声を確立する一方,フランスとイタリアの音楽の優劣をめぐって戦わされたいわゆる〈ブフォン論争〉でJ.J.ルソーらの批判の矢面に立たされた。作品にはほかに,合奏曲集《コンセールによるクラブサン曲集》第1番〜第5番(1741年出版),《クラブサン曲集》(1724年出版),《新クラブサン曲集》(1728年ころ出版)などがあり,クラブサン作品はF.クープランの作品とともにフランス音楽の古典。その音楽はのちにベルリオーズ,ドビュッシー,M.ラベルらによって高く評価され,今日では18世紀フランス最大の音楽家として揺るぎない地位を保っている。
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