Aircraft construction material

Japanese: 航空機材料 - こうくうきざいりょう(英語表記)aircraft construction material
Aircraft construction material
Materials used in aircraft structures, engines, auxiliary machinery, and equipment. Aircraft structures must be lightweight and able to withstand heavy loads. They must also have high specific strength (strength/density) and specific rigidity (rigidity/density). Today, aluminum-based alloys are used most widely and in large quantities in the form of plates, profiles, and forgings, with carbon steel and chromium-molybdenum steel used for metal fittings and bolts. Aluminum alloys can only be used up to about Mach 2.3 because the aircraft becomes very hot at supersonic speeds. For aircraft that fly at speeds higher than that, titanium alloys and stainless steel (stainless steel) are used. Composite materials have also been developed, and thin sheets of epoxy, polyamide, and aluminum base materials combined with glass, boron, and graphite reinforcing fibers are used for secondary structural components such as the outer panels of the moving wing, horizontal stabilizers, vertical stabilizers, and the main strength parts of the main wings and fuselage.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
航空機の機体構造,ならびに原動機や補機,装備品などに使用される材料。航空機の構造は,大きい荷重に耐えられるとともに軽量でなくてはならない。また,比強度 (耐力/密度) および比剛性 (剛性/密度) の大きいことが要求される。今日最も広く,多量に用いられているのは,アルミニウムを主体とする合金で,板や型材および鍛造品の形で使用され,金具やボルト材として炭素鋼およびクロム=モリブデン鋼が使われている。アルミニウム合金は,超音速になると機体が非常に高温になるので,マッハ 2.3程度までしか使用できない。それ以上の速度で飛ぶ機体には,チタン合金および不銹鋼 (ふしゅうこう。→ステンレス鋼 ) が使用される。また複合材料の開発も進み,エポキシ,ポリアミド,アルミニウムの基礎材にガラス,ボロン,グラファイトの強化繊維を合わせた薄いシートが,動翼外板などの二次的構造部材から,水平尾翼,垂直尾翼などに使われ,主翼や胴体の主要強度部分への使用も増えた。

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