Hearing (Hearing)

Japanese: 聴聞(聴問) - ちょうもん（英語表記）hearing

It is an administrative procedure that leads to a fair and reasonable administrative decision by giving interested parties an opportunity to make claims and provide evidence during the administrative decision-making process. It is an idea of administrative procedure law based on the principle of due process set out in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the principle of natural justice established in British case law, which was introduced into Japanese administrative law after the war. Depending on the purpose and procedural content, hearings can be divided into trial hearings and statement hearings. A trial hearing is a procedure in which, when an adverse disposition is made, the other party to the disposition is given an opportunity to make claims and provide evidence in order to defend his or her rights and interests, and the administrative agency is required to make the disposition following a procedure that is free from arbitrariness and prejudice.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

行政決定の手続過程において利害関係人等に主張･立証の機会を与えることによって，公正妥当な行政決定を導き出す行政手続をいう。アメリカ合衆国憲法修正5条に定める適正手続原則およびイギリスの判例法上形成された自然的正義原則に基づく行政手続法上の考え方を，戦後，日本の行政法に導入したものである。　聴聞は，その目的および手続内容により，事実審型聴聞と陳述型聴聞とに区別することができる。事実審型聴聞は，不利益処分に際して，処分の相手方に自己の権利利益を防御するために，主張･立証の機会を与え，行政庁が独断と偏見のない手続を踏んで処分を決定することを求める手続である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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