Shoulder blade - health

Japanese: 肩甲骨 - けんこうこつ
Shoulder blade - health

It is a triangular, thin, flat bone located on the upper outer part of the dorsal thorax, and its outline can be almost palpable from the surface of the body. It is symmetrical and located between the second and seventh ribs. It has no direct connection to the rest of the thorax, and is mainly held to the dorsal thorax by muscles. The anterior surface is called the costal surface, and is slightly concave overall, while the posterior surface is correspondingly slightly convex backwards. On the dorsal surface, about the upper third, a slender projection called the scapular spine extends outward and upward. This scapular spine divides the dorsal surface into upper and lower parts. The upper part is narrow and called the suprascapular fossa, and the lower part is wide and called the subscapular fossa. The protruding part at the outer end of the scapular spine is called the acromion, and the articular surface here forms an articulation with the lateral end of the clavicle. The protrusion that forms at the transition point between the lateral edge of the acromion and the posterior edge of the scapular spine is called the scapular angle, and is used as a reference point for biometric measurements and to determine shoulder dislocation. The circumference of the scapula consists of three sides, with the upper edge being the shortest and the medial edge being the longest. The part where the medial and lateral edges meet is called the lateral angle, which contains the coracoid process and the glenoid cavity. The glenoid cavity forms the shoulder joint with the head of the humerus. The dish-shaped bone part of the scapula is extremely thin, so it is prone to fracture if pressed hard, but in reality it is protected by thick back muscles, and fractures are relatively rare. The scapula is commonly called "kaigarabone," and this is because the "胛" in the traditionally used word for scapula had this meaning. In Greek, it has been given names related to various shapes, such as a plow, a shield, a turtle shell, and a wing. Its Latin anatomical name is scapula, which means "shovel," and is said to come from the fact that ancient people used this bone to dig soil.

[Kazuyo Shimai]

[Reference] | Shoulder | Human Body

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

胸郭背面の上外側部にあり、体表からその外形にほぼ触れることができる三角形状の薄い扁平骨(へんぺいこつ)である。左右対称で、第2から第7肋骨(ろっこつ)間にわたって位置している。胸郭の他の骨格との直接の連絡はなく、主として筋肉によって胸郭背面に保持されている。前面は肋骨面とよび、全体として軽い凹面(くぼみ)を呈し、後面の背側面がそれに応じて後方に軽く凸面となっている。背側面で上方3分の1あたりで、肩甲棘(きょく)とよぶ細長い突起が外上方に伸びている。この肩甲棘によって背側面は上下に分けられる。上部は狭小で肩甲上窩(じょうか)、下部は広くて肩甲下窩(かか)とよぶ。肩甲棘の外側端の突出部は肩峰(けんぽう)とよび、ここにある関節面は鎖骨外側端との間で関節をつくっている。肩峰の外側縁から肩甲棘後縁に移る部分にできる突出部を肩甲角(かく)とよび、生体計測の標点となったり、肩関節脱臼(だっきゅう)の判定にもなっている。肩甲骨の周囲は3辺からなり、上縁が最短で、内側縁が最長である。内側縁と外側縁とが合する部分を外側角とよび、烏口突起(うこうとっき)と関節窩がある。関節窩は上腕骨骨頭との間で肩関節をつくっている。肩甲骨の皿状の骨体部分はきわめて薄いため、強く圧すれば骨折しやすいが、実際には厚い背筋で保護されており、骨折は比較的少ない。肩甲骨は俗に「かいがらぼね」というが、従来用いられていた肩胛骨(けんこうこつ)の「胛」に、この意味があったためである。ギリシア語でも鋤(すき)、盾、カメの甲、羽などいろいろの形に似ていることから、それぞれに関係した名称が与えられている。ラテン語の解剖学名はscapulaであるが、これは「シャベル」の意味で、古代人が土を掘るためにこの骨を使ったことからくるという。

[嶋井和世]

[参照項目] | | 人体

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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