A city in southern England, United Kingdom. A unitary authority. In 1997, it was separated from Hampshire County to become a unitary authority. It is a port city on the English Channel coast, about 100 km southwest of London, facing the Solent Channel, which separates the Isle of Wight from the British mainland. The city center is on Portsea Island, which is sandwiched between Portsmouth Harbor to the west and Langston Harbor to the east, which open into the Solent Channel, but the city limits extend to the mainland to the north across the narrow waterway that separates the island from the mainland. In 1194, King Richard I, who noticed the strategic importance of the island, founded the town here and granted it a royal charter. It later became a naval base, and in 1496 a naval dockyard was opened, and it rapidly developed as a military port. It was heavily damaged by air raids during World War II, but was rebuilt after the war and became one of Britain's major military ports. Naval facilities, including the dockyard, are on the west coast of the island, facing the urn-shaped Portsmouth Harbor. The area around Southsea on the south bank facing the Solent is known as a seaside resort, with promenades, wide grassy areas, parks, and sports facilities along the coast. In one corner of the dock, the Victory, Admiral Horatio Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar, is preserved, and nearby is the Victory Museum, which houses Nelson's personal belongings, attracting many tourists. In addition to being a naval port, there is a commercial port, a ferry port connecting with continental Europe, and the aircraft industry and various light industries are also located there. It is the birthplace of Charles John Huffham Dickens and George Meredith. Area 40 km2 . Population 189,600 (2005 estimate). Portsmouth |
イギリス,イングランド南部の都市。単一自治体(ユニタリー unitary authority)。1997年にハンプシャー県から分離して単一自治体となった。ロンドンの南西約 100km,イギリス海峡沿岸の港湾都市で,ワイト島とイギリス本土を隔てるソーレント水道に面する。中心市街は,ソーレント水道に向かって開口する西のポーツマス港と東のラングストン港に挟まれたポートシー島にあるが,市域は島を本土から分ける狭い水路を越えて北の本土に及んでいる。1194年,島の戦略的重要性に着目したリチャード1世がここに町を建設し,勅許状を与えた。その後海軍基地となり,1496年には海軍造船所が開設され,軍港として急速に発展。第2次世界大戦時には空爆により大きな被害を受けたが,戦後復興し,イギリスの主要軍港となった。造船所を含む海軍諸施設は壺型のポーツマス港に面した島の西岸にある。またソーレント水道に面した南岸のサウスシー一帯は,海岸に沿って遊歩道,広い草地,公園,スポーツ施設などがあり,海浜保養地として知られる。ドックの一角にはトラファルガルの戦いにおけるホレーショ・ネルソン提督の旗艦『ビクトリー』号が保存されており,その近くにはネルソンの遺品を収蔵するビクトリー博物館などもあって訪れる観光客が多い。軍港のほか,商港,ヨーロッパ大陸と結ぶフェリー港があり,航空機工業や各種軽工業も立地する。チャールズ・ジョン・ハファム・ディケンズ,ジョージ・メレディスの生地。面積 40km2。人口 18万9600(2005推計)。
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