Prosimian

Japanese: 原猿類 - げんえんるい(英語表記)prosimian
Prosimian

A general term for animals belonging to the suborder Prosimii of the order Primates of the class Mammalia. It is noteworthy that the order Primates, the most evolved in the animal kingdom, contains groups that retain primitive characteristics, such as the suborder Prosimii. It consists of 40 or so species in 20 genera and 5 families in 3 infraorders: lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers. They appeared in North America in the middle Paleocene of the Tertiary Period, and in the Eocene they spread to the western part of the Old Continent and flourished. Modern prosimians retain similar characteristics to Eocene prosimians. The smallest number of teeth is the aye-aye with 18, followed by the indri with 30, but both are fewer than the basic type of primitive mammals with 44 teeth. Their body sizes range from the mouse-sized pygmy lemur to the indri with a head and body length of 70 centimeters. In general, the smaller ones are nocturnal, omnivorous, and solitary, while the larger ones (Lemur, Indri, and Sifaka) are diurnal and social. They are found mainly in tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia, India, Africa, and Madagascar, and all are arboreal creatures.

[Junichiro Itani]

[References] | Primates
Major types of monkeys (prosimians) [specimen drawings]
©Kimura Shuji ">

Major types of monkeys (prosimians) [specimen drawings]

Ring-tailed Lemur
Distributed in the western and southern parts of Madagascar. The back of the body is gray and the belly is white. There is a ring pattern on the tail. It lives in groups in dry forests and sparse forests, and feeds mainly on fruit and leaves. Head and body length is about 45 cm, tail length is about 60 cm, and weight is 2.3 to 3.5 kg. ©Shogakukan ">

Ring-tailed Lemur


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱霊長目原猿亜目に属する動物の総称。動物界でもっとも進化を遂げた霊長目が、本亜目Prosimiiのように原始的特性を残すグループを内包していることは注目に値する。キツネザル、ロリス、メガネザルの3下目5科20属40余種からなる。第三紀暁新世中期に北アメリカ大陸に姿を現し、始新世には旧大陸西部にも分布を広げ繁栄した。現生の原猿類は、始新世の原猿と類似の諸形質をとどめている。その歯数は、最少がアイアイの18本、ついでインドリの30本であるが、原始的な哺乳類の基本型44本よりはいずれも少ない。体の大きさは、ネズミほどのコビトキツネザルから、最大は頭胴長70センチメートルのインドリまである。一般に小形のものは夜行性、雑食、単独生活者であり、大形のキツネザル、インドリ、シファカの3属の種は昼行性で集団生活を営む。東南アジア、インド、アフリカ、マダガスカル島の、主として熱帯多雨林に分布し、すべて樹上生活者である。

[伊谷純一郎]

[参照項目] | 霊長類
サルのおもな種類(原猿類)〔標本画〕
©木村しゅうじ">

サルのおもな種類(原猿類)〔標本画〕

ワオキツネザル
マダガスカル島の西部・南部に分布。体毛は背面が灰色で腹部は白色。尾に輪模様がある。乾燥林や疎開林に群れをなしてすみ、果実や木の葉を主食とする。頭胴長約45cm、尾長約60cm、体重2.3~3.5kg©Shogakukan">

ワオキツネザル


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