This is a type of Goryeo tea bowl that was fired in the Korean peninsula during the Yi dynasty. It was originally made in the same place as everyday utensils for the common people, but it was revived as a tea bowl that best fits the aesthetic sense of "wabi" and was used as a utensil for drinking tea in Japan. Therefore, although the kiln in which it was fired is unclear, it was probably fired in a kiln of a subtype of celadon along the coast from South Jeolla Province to South Gyeongsang Province. The first appearance of Goryeo tea bowls in Japanese documents was in 1537 (Tenbun 6), which was the early period when the tea ceremony was moving from the era of Chinese goods to wabi tea, and Ido tea bowls occupy the throne of tea bowls that are suitable for this aesthetic sense. In the Momoyama period book "Yamanoue Sojiki," it is described as "Ido tea bowl, this is the best Goryeo tea bowl in the world." There are several theories about the origin of the name of the Ido tea bowl, including that it is a place name on the Korean peninsula, that it was brought back from the peninsula by Ido Wakasa-no-kami, or that it was brought back by Ido Sanjuro, but no definitive explanation has been reached. Ido tea bowls are made of a slightly soft ceramic body, but originally belonged to the celadon type of pottery. They are bowl-shaped tea bowls with a transparent white feldspar glaze and a yellowish brown base. They are classified according to their style into Oido, Ko (Ko) Ido, Aoi Ido, Ido Waki, Koganyu, and others. The representative Oido is characterized by a large bamboo joint-like foot, strong carvings on the side of the foot, a gently curving bowl shape, and a loquat-colored glaze. The rest of the style seems to be a variation of Oido, but Ido Waki is not Ido in the sense that it is located next to Ido. The production period of this group of Ido tea bowls is approximately the first half of the 16th century, and they were probably made at a certain kiln for a certain period of time. [Yoshiaki Yabe] "Korean Tea Bowls by Seizo Hayashiya, 5 volumes (1980-1981, Chuokoron-Shinsha)" Inscription: "Ming Well". Joseon Dynasty (16th century). Diameter 15.8cm. Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art (Kimura Teizo Collection) Oido tea bowl Inscription: "Otowasan." Joseon Dynasty (16th century). Diameter: 16.7 cm. Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art (Kimura Teizo Collection) Ido-waki tea bowl Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
李(り)朝時代の朝鮮半島で焼造された、いわゆる高麗(こうらい)茶碗の一種。本来は同地で民衆の日用雑器としてつくられたが、「わび」の美意識にもっともかなう茶碗に見立てられて、日本の喫茶の道具に使用されてよみがえった。したがってその焼造窯も判然とはしていないが、おおよそ全羅南道から慶尚南道にかけての海岸沿いにある、青磁系の亜流の窯(かま)で焼かれたものであろう。日本の文献に高麗茶碗が登場する初見は1537年(天文6)であり、茶の湯が唐物(からもの)中心の時代からわび茶へと移っていくその初期にあたっており、この美意識にふさわしい茶碗の王座を井戸茶碗が占めている。桃山時代の『山上宗二記(やまのうえそうじき)』には「井戸茶碗、是(これ)天下一ノ高麗茶碗」と評されている。井戸茶碗の名称の由来については諸説あり、朝鮮半島地名説、井戸若狭守(わかさのかみ)が半島から持ち帰ったとする説、井戸三十郎持ち帰り説などあり、決定はみていない。 井戸茶碗はやや柔らかい陶胎であるが、元来は青磁系の焼物に属し、長石質の白色透明性の高火釉(ゆう)が施された椀(わん)形の茶碗で、素地(きじ)は黄褐色を呈している。その作風によって、大井戸、古(小)井戸、青井戸、井戸脇(わき)、小貫入(こがんにゅう)などに分類している。代表する大井戸をみると、竹の節状の大きめな高台(こうだい)、高台脇の力強い削りあと、ゆったりと曲線を描く椀形の姿、枇杷(びわ)色の釉色(ゆうしょく)に特色がある。その他は大井戸の作風が変化したものと思われるが、井戸脇は井戸の脇に位置するといった意味で、井戸ではない。これら一群の井戸茶碗のおおよその製造時期は16世紀前半ごろ、ある特定の窯で一時期つくられたものであろう。 [矢部良明] 『林屋晴三著『高麗茶碗』5巻(1980~1981・中央公論社)』 銘「明の井戸」。李氏朝鮮(16世紀) 径15.8cm愛知県美術館(木村定三コレクション)"> 大井戸茶碗 銘「音羽山」。李氏朝鮮(16世紀) 径16.7cm愛知県美術館(木村定三コレクション)"> 井戸脇茶碗 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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