Balsam pear

Japanese: ツルレイシ - つるれいし(英語表記)balsam pear
Balsam pear

An annual vine in the Cucurbitaceae family (APG classification: Cucurbitaceae). Native to tropical Asia. The fruit is edible, but is also called bitter melon because of its bitterness. The stem is thin and 2-5 meters long, with tendrils that wrap around other objects. The leaves are alternate and palmately lobed. Dioecious. In summer, yellow florets appear in the leaf axils. The fruit has a thin stalk that hangs down, is oblong, has sharp ends, is covered with knobby protrusions, and is 10-30 centimeters long. The young fruit is pale green, but turns yellowish red when ripe, splits open from the tip of the fruit, and turns over to expose many seeds. The red arils that cover the seeds are sweet and edible. The unripe fruit is usually harvested, and the seed-containing part inside is removed and boiled or fried with meat.

It was introduced to China from Southeast Asia during the Ming Dynasty, and was introduced to Japan during the Edo period. In Okinawa, it is called goya and is an essential ingredient in local summer cuisine.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika February 17, 2020]

bitter melon
Also called bitter melon or goya ©Shogakukan ">

bitter melon

White litchi (Buddhist melon)
White-skinned bitter melon. Also known as salad bitter melon. ©Shogakukan ">

White litchi (Buddhist melon)

Balsam Melon (Thick Melon)
Short oval-shaped bitter melon ©Shogakukan ">

Balsam Melon (Thick Melon)

Momordica charantia flower
The leaves are palmately lobed, and in summer, small yellow flowers appear in the leaf axils. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose ">

Momordica charantia flower

Balsam fruit
It is 10-30cm long. Both ends are sharp and there are noticeable knobby protrusions on the surface. It is also known as bitter melon. In Okinawa, it is called goya and is used in local cuisine. The photo shows a young fruit. ©Shogakukan Photo by Hideyuki Asakura ">

Balsam fruit


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ウリ科(APG分類:ウリ科)の一年生つる草。熱帯アジア原産。果実を食用とするが、苦味があるためニガウリ(苦瓜)ともよばれる。茎は細く長さ2~5メートル、巻きひげで他物に絡みつく。葉は互生し、掌状に裂ける。雌雄異花。夏、葉腋(ようえき)に黄色の小花をつける。果実は細い柄があって下垂し、長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で両端がとがり、瘤(こぶ)状の突起に覆われ、長さ10~30センチメートル。若果は淡緑色であるが、熟すと黄赤色になり、果実の先端部から裂開してめくれ、多数の種子を露出する。種子を覆っている赤い種衣は甘味があり、食べられる。普通は未熟果を収穫し、内部の種子のある部分を除いて、肉と煮たり油炒(あぶらいた)めにする。

 明(みん)の時代に東南アジアから中国に伝わり、日本には江戸時代に渡来した。沖縄ではゴーヤーとよばれ、夏季の郷土料理の材料として不可欠とされている。

[星川清親 2020年2月17日]

ツルレイシ
ニガウリ(苦瓜)、ゴーヤーともよばれる©Shogakukan">

ツルレイシ

ツルレイシ(白レイシ)
白皮種のツルレイシ。サラダゴーヤーともいう©Shogakukan">

ツルレイシ(白レイシ)

ツルレイシ(太レイシ)
短楕円形のツルレイシ©Shogakukan">

ツルレイシ(太レイシ)

ツルレイシの花
葉は掌状に裂け、夏、葉腋に黄色の小花をつける©Shogakukan 撮影/広瀬雅敏">

ツルレイシの花

ツルレイシの果実
長さは10~30cm。両端がとがり、表面に瘤状の突起が目だつ。別名ニガウリ(苦瓜)。沖縄ではゴーヤーとよばれ、郷土料理に用いられる。写真は若い果実©Shogakukan 撮影/朝倉秀之">

ツルレイシの果実


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