This refers to the total of the trade balance, non-trade balance, and transfer balance in the balance of payments. It shows the difference between the import and export of goods and services in total, and when the balance of payments is said to be in surplus or deficit, it usually refers to this current account balance. It is roughly equivalent to the current account surplus in the national economic accounts (GNP statistics). The size of the current account balance is also equal to the difference between domestic savings and investment in a country (if there is a savings surplus, it is a surplus). The flip side of the current account balance is the capital account, and if the current account balance is in surplus, there is always an outflow of capital to the same extent. Japan's current account balance expanded rapidly in the 1980s, reaching $94 billion (4.4% of nominal GNP) in fiscal 1986. After that, the surplus decreased rapidly due to the strong yen, but it has been expanding again since fiscal 1991. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
国際収支のうち貿易収支と貿易外収支および移転収支を合計したものをいう。財貨・サービスの輸出入差額を総合的に示しており,国際収支が黒字,赤字という場合は,この経常収支をさすことが多い。国民経済計算 (GNP統計) の経常海外余剰にほぼ見合っている。また経常収支の大きさは,一国全体の国内での貯蓄と投資との差額に等しいという関係がある (貯蓄超過であれば黒字) 。経常収支の裏側は資本収支であり,経常収支が黒字であれば必ずそれに見合う分だけ資本は流出している。日本の経常収支は 1980年代に急拡大し,86年度には 940億ドル (名目 GNPの 4.4%) に達した。その後円高の影響もあって黒字は急減したが,91年度以降再び黒字が拡大している。
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