Easy War - Ancho Senso

A war broke out in July 1920 in China between the Beiyang warlords, the Anhui faction (Duan Qirui) and the Zhili faction (Cao Kun, Wu Peifu). In China, it is called the Zhi-Wan War. After the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916, the Beiyang warlords lost their leader and split into several factions, with the two largest being the Zhili faction supported by Britain and America, and the Anhui faction (also known as the Wan faction) supported by Japan. The Anhui faction was dealt a heavy blow in the May 4th Movement of 1919, while the Zhili faction lost Feng Guozhang, who advocated a peaceful settlement with the Democratic Party and the Southwestern warlords, and real power shifted to Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, who expanded their influence into Central and Southern China, and further allied with the Fengtian faction (Zhang Zuolin). The conflict between the Anhui and Zhili factions intensified in May 1920 when Wu Peifu moved north, and on July 14, the armies of both factions clashed, but the Zhili faction won within four days, ushering in the heyday of their power. After that, the Zhili faction abandoned its previous policy of peace with the South and adopted a policy of armed unification, which led to the Southern faction's First Northern Expedition, followed by the Fengtian-Zhili War.

[Yuzo Kato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1920年7月に中国で起こった安徽(あんき)派（段祺瑞(だんきずい)）と直隷(ちょくれい)派（曹錕(そうこん)、呉佩孚(ごはいふ)）との北洋軍閥間の戦争。中国では直皖(ちょくかん)戦争という。1916年の袁世凱(えんせいがい)の死後、頭目を失った北洋軍閥は、いくつかの勢力に分裂したが、イギリス、アメリカに支えられた直隷派と、日本に支えられた安徽派（皖系ともいう）が二大勢力であった。安徽派は1919年の五・四(ごし)運動で大打撃を受け、一方、直隷派は、民党、西南軍閥との和平解決を主張する馮国璋(ふうこくしょう)を失ってから、実権が曹錕、呉佩孚に移り、華中、華南地方に勢力を伸ばし、さらに奉天派（張作霖(ちょうさくりん)）と結んだ。安直両派の対立は、1920年5月呉佩孚の北上によって激化し、7月14日には両派軍隊の衝突となったが、4日間で直隷派が勝利し、その全盛時代を迎えた。以後直隷派は従来の対南方和平主義を捨てて武力統一政策をとったため、これに対抗して南方派の第一次北伐、ついで奉直戦争が起こった。

［加藤祐三］

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