A general term for parasitic worms of the genus Anisakis , of the order Anisakida, class Bifida, phylum Nematoda. Adult worms parasitize the stomachs of cetaceans. Adult Anisakis simplex worms reach a body length of about 15 cm for males and about 20 cm for females. Eggs laid by female worms are excreted into the sea along with the host's feces, and infective larvae are developed inside the eggs and migrate into the sea. The larvae are eaten by small crustaceans such as krill, and are then eaten by baleen whales to develop into adults. Alternatively, they are eaten by fish or squid that feed on krill, and parasitize in their body cavities or muscles, waiting to be eaten by their definitive hosts, whales. The larvae that parasitize fish or squid are 2 to 3 centimeters long, and when eaten by humans together with raw fish, the larvae penetrate the stomach or intestinal wall, causing severe pain and vomiting, which can be mistaken for gastric ulcers or acute appendicitis. This is called anisakiasis. The larvae cannot develop into adults inside the human body, and eventually die or are expelled. The larvae that parasitize the stomach are removed with forceps while observing with an endoscope. Similar cases in humans can also be caused by larvae of the closely related genus Pseudoterranova (adult worms that parasitize the stomachs of pinnipeds such as seals and fur seals). [Masaaki Machida] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
線形動物門双腺(そうせん)綱回虫目アニサキス科アニサキスAnisakis属の寄生虫の総称。成虫はクジラ類の胃に寄生している。Anisakis simplexの成虫では雄の体長約15センチメートル、雌約20センチメートルに達する。雌虫から産み出された卵は、宿主の糞便(ふんべん)とともに海中に排出され、卵内で感染力をそなえた幼虫が形成されて海中に遊出する。 この幼虫はオキアミなどの小型甲殻類に食べられ、さらにヒゲクジラ類に食べられて成虫になる。あるいはオキアミ類を餌(えさ)としている魚類やスルメイカに食べられ、その体腔(たいこう)や筋肉内に寄生して固有宿主のクジラ類に食べられるのを待つ。魚やイカに寄生している幼虫は長さ2~3センチメートルで、刺身などといっしょに人に食べられると、幼虫は人の胃や腸壁に侵入して激痛や嘔吐(おうと)をおこし、胃潰瘍(いかいよう)や急性虫垂炎などと間違えられることがある。これをアニサキス症という。幼虫は人の体内では成虫に発育することができず、やがて死滅するか排出される。胃に寄生した幼虫は、内視鏡で観察しながら鉗子(かんし)で摘出する。 なお、人で同じような症例は、アニサキス属と近縁なプセウドテラノバPseudoterranova属の幼虫(成虫はアザラシやオットセイなどの鰭脚(ひれあし)類の胃に寄生)によってもおこる。 [町田昌昭] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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